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Backup and Recovery Optimization For IBM i / BRMS Thursday, October 24, 2013
Technical Presentation: IBM Virtual Tape System TS7650G ProtecTIER™ Deduplication Gateway
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Using the right balance of high density tape and high performance disk is the solution . . .
Long Term Retention Cost effective capacity Removable & transportable Compliance Meet financial & regulatory requirements Data encryption, WORM Short Term Retention Use disk for daily backup & restore operations Performance Fast backups Even faster restores Meet “backup windows” 2
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Diligent / IBM : Deduplication Innovation and Leadership
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 6 PhDs begin researching massively scalable deduplication algorithms First Deduplication Virtual Tape Library deployed into production First single node system to store over 1PB of deduplicated data Fastest single node inline deduplication solution First to deliver Many-to-Many replication The only “true” enterprise-class deduplication solution on the market today IBM acquires Diligent First Deduplication solution for System z Fastest restore speed – up to MB/sec ! First non-hash deduplication algorithm developed, designed for 100% data integrity First to deliver VTL solutions for both Open and Mainframe environments First true clustered system with Global Deduplication IBM’s first midrange solution released Installed in all major industries Over 2,000 ProtecTIER systems sold to date Over 100 PB of physical disk capacity behind ProtecTIER servers protecting thousands of PBs of backup data Production systems range in size from 4TB to over 900TB More than 30 customers managing more than 1 PB; many more managing over 100 TB
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TS7650G ProtecTIER = VTL Virtual Tape Library
FC TS7650G IBM i LPAR Disk Array Software solution that resides on standard Linux server Emulates a tape library unit, including drives, cartridges and robotics Uses FC-attached disk array as the backup medium 4 19-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 4
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ProtecTIER – How it all works
New Data Stream Repository Memory Resident Index FC Switch TS7650G Disk Arrays iSeries LPARs “Filtered” data 5 19-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 5
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* ProtecTIER Conceptual Flowchart
New backup data Locate pattern (RAM search) Memory index Repository data Read similar pattern from repository 2:1 Start here and delete from part 1 LZH Step 1: New data is received from the backup application by the virtual tape drive emulation code. Step 2: The data is analyzed, and a pattern is identified. A pattern search for “similar” data is conducted in the memory resident index. Step 3: If the index search produces one or more “hit”, then the most similar data is retrieved from the repository disk. Step 4: The new data and the “most similar” data are compared in RAM, using the UNIX standard binary “diff” operation. Step 5: If the data matches, the new, second copy, is discarded, and the metadata file for the virtual volume receives a pointer to the existing data location. Step 6: If the diff operation produces a “delta”, the new data is compressed using LZH, and stored in the repository. A new entry for it is then placed in the index, and the metadata file for the virtual volume receives a pointer to the new data location. Step 7: If there is no similar data found in the index, then the new data is compressed using LZH, and stored in the repository. A new entry for it is then placed in the index, and the metadata file for the virtual volume receives a pointer to the new data location. Compute “delta” Store new backup “delta” 19-Sep-18
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ProtecTIER Product Line
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IBM TS7600 ProtecTIER® Family
Capacity and Performance Same ProtecTIER Code Base TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway Highest Performance Largest Capacity High Availability TS7620 ProtecTIER Deduplication Appliance Express High Performance High Capacity Flexible Storage Good Performance Entry Capacity Low Investment Scalable From 6 – 35TB Active-Active Cluster Up to 2600/3200 MB/sec 1 PB useable Single Node Up to 1600/2200 MB/sec 1 PB useable Single Node Up to 300 MB/sec 6TB, 12TB, 23TB, 35TB Useable 8 8
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TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway
IBM TS7650G Single Node Gateway Powerful and Flexible solution, featuring: IBM ProtecTIER software with patented HyperFactor™ deduplication technology IBM System x Server – multi-core server for enterprise- level performance Supports both IBM & Non-IBM disk IBM V7000 Storwize, DS8000, XIV HDS, EMC and others And delivers: Up to 1600/2000 MB/sec backup/restore Up to 25 times or more data reduction Scalable to 1PB physical capacity Enterprise-class data integrity TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway 9 9
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TS7650G – details by slot Slot Port Use 7 Top S7p1 FC SAN Bottom S7p2
Eth0 Customer network Top – Middle Eth1 Internal network (active- passive bond with Eth8) Bottom- Middle Eth2 Replication Eth3 RAS 4 Empty 3 2 S2p1 FC TAN S2p2 1 S1p1 S1p2 O4 Onboard Eth8 Internal network (active- passive bond with Eth1) O5 Eth9 September 19, 2018
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HW Specs: IBM Xseries model 3958-DD5
4 x Intel® Xeon® E (Westmere) 10 core 2.26 GHz 24MB Cache 130w processors 64 GB RAM 16 x 4GB DIMMs spread evenly across 8 memory cards (performance memory configuration) 2 x Dual port Qlogic 8Gb FC HBAs (for FC connectivity to repository storage) 2 x Dual Port Emulex LPe Gb FC HBAs (for FC connectivity to backup servers) Intel Ethernet Quad Port Server Adapter I340-T4 1 x ServeRAID M5015 SAS / SATA controller and battery backup unit 2 x 600GB 10K RPM 6Gb/s SFF SAS internal boot drives RAID 1 mirror for internal boot drives September 19, 2018
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TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Cluster
TS7650G Gateway Dual-Node Cluster Our most Powerful and Flexible solution: IBM ProtecTIER software with patented HyperFactor™ deduplication technology 2 IBM System x Servers – multi-core servers for maximum performance & availability Supports both IBM & Non-IBM disk IBM V7000 Storwize, DS8000, XIV HDS, EMC and others And delivers: Up to 2500/3200 MB/sec backup/restore True active-active cluster technology Two nodes working together as one repository Easily manageable yet highly scalable TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Cluster 12 12
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TS7650G – ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway, Clustered
FC Switch TS7650G x 2 2 Node Cluster ProtecTIER has many points of scalability. Click 1 and 2: You can add front end ports for connectivity and throughput Click 3 and 4: You can easily add additional storage on the back end Click 5: Very importantly, you can add a second node for throughput and failover– this will be available in Q Beyond Q1 2007, Diligent will be adding additional nodes to allow for greater throughput over time. Backup Arrays iSeries Active-active true clustered nodes High performance (2500MB/s !) Highly available High capacity, highly scalable Easily manageable two nodes working together one repository 13 19-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 13
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ProtecTIER Cluster Architecture Overview
PTManager Cluster: MyCluster Node A Node B iSeries LPAR Single Virtual Library Image Internal Network ProtecTIER Gateway 1 ProtecTIER Gateway 2 Repository Standard Linux GFS LUNs presented to both nodes MetaData FileSystems UserData FileSystems ProtecTIER has many points of scalability. Click 1 and 2: You can add front end ports for connectivity and throughput Click 3 and 4: You can easily add additional storage on the back end Click 5: Very importantly, you can add a second node for throughput and failover– this will be available in Q Beyond Q1 2007, Diligent will be adding additional nodes to allow for greater throughput over time. 14
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Up to 16 virtual libraries; 512 virtual drives
NodeA NodeB Repository 19-Sep-18
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ProtecTIER = Massive Scalability & Configurability
Property Per Repository 3958-DD5 Single Node 3958-DD5 Dual Node Max Virtual Tape Libraries 16 Max Virtual Tape Drives 256 512 Max Cartridges 512,000 Max Replication Streams 64 128 Per Library 3958-DD5 62,000 Max Slots Max Import/Export slots 1022 ProtecTIER has many points of scalability. Click 1 and 2: You can add front end ports for connectivity and throughput Click 3 and 4: You can easily add additional storage on the back end Click 5: Very importantly, you can add a second node for throughput and failover– this will be available in Q Beyond Q1 2007, Diligent will be adding additional nodes to allow for greater throughput over time. 16
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ProtecTIER Appliance Express TS7620
TS 7620 Capacity Options 6TB 12TB 23 TB 35 TB Enables users to easily scale capacity requirements to effectively meet capacity increases. Same enterprise-proven ProtecTIER technology Bolded Print indicates what’s new with the 7620 Backup performance up from 85 to 145 Restore up from 120 to 203 OST added since 7610 was announced Capacity doubled at high end from 5.5. to 11; Low end capacity from 4.5 to 5.5 Performance: SM2 Backup Restore VTL, OST, FSI 300 MB/s 390 MB/s Single-stream throughputs 120 – 200 MB/s 17
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TS7620 Appliance Hardware Building Block
Integrated Server, Storage and ProtecTIER Deduplication software 3U Enclosure fits in standard 19” rack Storage: Twelve 2 TB NL SAS Drives**, RAID 6 Server: 6-core Intel Xeon E5645 Westmere 2.4 GHz processor** Memory – 48GB RAM** Storage from 1 TB to 2TB drives Server from 4 core to 6 core and new processor Memory from 24GB RAM to 48GB ** = NEW
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TS7620 = server model 3958-SM2 2 x 8GB FC ports for host connectivity per server 2 x 1Gb Copper ProtecTIER Native replication 2 x 1Gb Copper Ethernet for customer network
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SM2 Expansion Options Can add either 1 or 2 of these expansion shelves to an existing SM2 base 19-Sep-18
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3959-SM2 Expansion Details GA was on Feb 5, 2013
1st expansion will go to 23 TB: will produce a total of 21 TB usable will consist of 1 additional 2u expansion tray will increase aggregate speeds to 220/260/200 MB/s for backup/restore/replication respectively 2nd expansion will go to 35 TB: will produce a total of 31.5 TB usable will increase aggregate speeds to 300/360/300 MB/s
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ProtecTIER Performance Recap: Massively Scalable DD5
Single node Backup Single node Restore Dual node backup Dual node Restore Single Stream VTL 1600 MB/s 2200 MB/s 2600 MB/s 3200 MB/s 220 MB/s OST 1500 MB/s 2000 MB/s 2300 MB/s 2400 MB/s 180 MB/s FSI 700 MB/s N/A 75 MB/s SM2 Single node Backup Single node Restore Single Stream VTL, OST 350 MB/s 90 MB/s CIFS 300 MB/s 250 MB/s 80 MB/s NFS 180 MB/s 75 MB/s ProtecTIER has many points of scalability. Click 1 and 2: You can add front end ports for connectivity and throughput Click 3 and 4: You can easily add additional storage on the back end Click 5: Very importantly, you can add a second node for throughput and failover– this will be available in Q Beyond Q1 2007, Diligent will be adding additional nodes to allow for greater throughput over time. 22
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ProtecTIER Replication
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Replication with ProtecTIER
Represented capacity LPAR Primary Site ProtecTIER Gateway NBU Clients Physical capacity LPAR PT-server based replication Represented capacity Secondary Site Click 1: Because of the tremendous reduction of required disk capacity, you need a much smaller pipe to transfer the data to a remote site… Now you have accomplished your DR, in addition to you backup… if you lose the primary site, the data can be fully accessed at the secondary site; Click 2: This shows that at the secondary site you may then destage to tape Note that the Backup Server in the secondary site is part of the same Domain as the master server at the primary site. This allows ProtecTIER to make the cartridges available to it, through a different virtual library. Once at the remote site, the images on the virtual tapes can be vaulted to physical tapes. DTC will have a section of the best practices guide to describe how to implement this. DR NBU Clients ProtecTIER Gateway Physical capacity iSeries HA HW 24 19-Sep-18 19-Sep-18 24
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Replication Benefits ProtecTIER’s replication technology takes advantage of the dramatic reduction in disk capacity provided by De-duplication to reduce the costs associated with electronically transmitting backup data from remote office or multiple data centers to a central location for Disaster Recovery purposes. By eliminating the need to physically transport actual tape cartridges, data can be recovered faster and more reliably enabling systems to get back online quicker in the event of a disaster or major system outage. It can also lower the total cost of ownership by eliminating the costs associated with moving and storing physical tape cartridges and dramatically reducing the amount of bandwidth associated with electronically transmitting backup data to a remote location.
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ProtecTIER Replication “Visibility Switch”
ProtecTIER Visibility Switch works excellently with BRMS Takes advantage of the BRMS concept of a single domain (network) centralized BRMS catalog shared among all LPARs each LPAR can update the BRMS catalog Very useful for geographically distributed operations a must-have for dual data center operations Can also leverage the Visibility Switch Mechanism for iSeries customers to allow for DR Testing The next slides depict the Visibility Switch mechanism September 19, 2018
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Initial NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf
VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0000 AA0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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Backup NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf VTL A
VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0000 Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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Backup + Replication NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER
SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0000 AA0000 Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0001 AA0001 Replication IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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Backup Done: Eject + Replication
NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf VTL A Shelf VTL B Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0000 Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0001 Replication AA0000 AA0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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Replication Done. Visibility Switch Takes Place at Time of Eject
NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf VTL A Shelf VTL B AA0000 Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0001 AA0000 AA0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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BRMS can now inject the tapes at SDC and restore, or dup to phys tape
NDC SDC LPAR-A LPAR-B NDC_ProtecTIER SDC_ProtecTIER Shelf VTL A Shelf VTL B AA0000 Tape Drives Slots imp/exp Tape Drives Slots imp/exp AA0000 AA0001 AA0001 IBM Confidential: Internal Discussion Document September 19, 2018
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Many-to-Many Replication Grid
Site A Up to 4 hubs in a grid Site B Site C Site D Backup Server ProtecTIER Gateway Physical capacity Supports any combination of Gateways, Appliances, single or two-node clusters
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ProtecTIER Replication – Competitive Advantage
Scalability of performance AND capacity ProtecTIER is up to 9X’s faster in real customer environments ProtecTIER requires fewer systems for any given workload Inline Deduplication complementary to Replication Allows replication to occur concurrently with backups Post process products must wait for second phase to complete Enterprise-class data integrity level at both sites ProtecTIER not based on risky hashing algorithms 100% IBM owned and controlled technology IBM committed to enhancing deduplication capabilities for all platforms 19-Sep-18
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ProtecTIER / iSeries Example Environments
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Example Config #1: Large Environment
Storwize V7000 NDC_ProtecTIER 8 Gb TAN TCP/IP Storwize V7000 8 Gb TAN SDC_ProtecTIER September 19, 2018
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Example Config #2: Medium Environment
LPAR BOWPRD01 ProtecTIER SM2 – 11 TB (2u) 12 port 8 Gb FC SAN switch LPAR BOWBDW01 standard ethernet ProtecTIER SM2 – 11 TB (2u) LPAR BOWDEV01 ProtecTIER Native Replication TCP/IP TS3100 – LTO5 P-740 Prod Site DR Site TS3100 – LTO5 ProtecTIER SM2 – 11 TB (2u) LPAR BOWPRD01 10 port 8 Gb FC SAN switch LPAR BOWBDW01 ProtecTIER SM2 – 11 TB (2u) P-740 (CBU)
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ProtecTIER SM2+1exp – 23 TB (4u) ProtecTIER SM2+2exp – 35 TB (6u)
Example Config #3: Medium Environment LPAR BOWPRD01 10 port 8 Gb FC SAN switch LPAR BOWBDW01 ProtecTIER SM2+1exp – 23 TB (4u) standard ethernet LPAR BOWDEV01 ProtecTIER Native Replication TCP/IP TS3100 – LTO5 P-740 Prod Site DR Site TS3100 – LTO5 ProtecTIER SM2+2exp – 35 TB (6u) LPAR BOWPRD01 8 port 8 Gb FC SAN switch LPAR BOWBDW01 P-740 (CBU)
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Example Config #4: Moving from direct attached tape .....
LPAR PROD FC 5774 P1 P2 Tape2 LPAR DEV FC 5749 P1 P2 p740 (8205-E6B) Tape3 LPAR QA FC 5749 P1 P2 Prod Site DR Site LPAR PROD DEV QA FC 5761 Tape1 P1 i5 550 ( )
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.... to SAN attached tape and ProtecTIER !
LPAR PROD FC 5774 P1 P2 SAN Switch LPAR DEV FC 5749 P1 P2 p740 (8205-E6B) standard ethernet LPAR QA FC 5749 ProtecTIER TS7620 – 6TB P1 P2 ProtecTIER Native Replication TCP/IP Prod Site DR Site LPAR PROD DEV QA FC 5761 SAN Switch P1 standard ethernet ProtecTIER TS7620 – 6TB i5 550 ( )
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TCP/IP Replication TCP/IP
Example Config #5: Large Environment with VIOS Local VIOS_1 Tape SAN Disk SAN VIOS_2 LPAR DUBLIN1 TCP/IP Replication TCP/IP Disk SAN Local ProtecTIER LPAR DEV05 Storwize V7000 P-595 DS8800 LPAR Generic DR config Tape SAN Disk SAN Disk SAN Remote ProtecTIER Storwize V7000 P-595 Remote DS8800 TS3500 – LTO4
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Speed Results From 2012 PoC of ProtecTIER with iSeries
19-Sep-18
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ProtecTIER with iSeries – sample customer industries
Location Configuration Replication Dedupe Ratio Insurance TX DD4 Gateways with V7000 Disk No 24:1 Retail PA DD4 Gateways with DS8300 Disk 30:1 FL DD4 Gateways with DS4000 Disk Yes 19:1 OH DD5 Clusters with V7000 Disk 27:1 VA DD4 Clusters with V7000 Disk 15:1 Courier PA/CO DD4 Clusters with DS8800 Disk Application Service Provider MO TS7650 Appliances 9:1 Pharma Distribution OH/IL Drug Store Chain AZ/RI DD5 Clusters with DS8870 Disk 18:1 NJ 16:1 Diversified Industrial NY/OH/GA/CA DD5 Gateways with V7000 Disk 12:1 Industrial Supplier NY/OH TS7620 Appliances PA/WI KY/NJ 19-Sep-18
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ProtecTIER Advantages with iSeries
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ProtecTIER with iSeries – FULL IBM SUPPORT and Testing
Supported with: IOP’d fibre cards from V5R4 onwards (2765, 5704, 5761) IOPless fibre cards from IBM i onwards BRMS is strongly recommended Tested with the same COMPREHENSIVE Test Buckets used for regular tape drives IBM ProtecTIER is the ONLY External Virtual Tape product that is tested and supported by IBM Rochester
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ProtecTIER = High Value for iSeries Environments
The ONLY officially supported external virtual tape for IBM i iSeries backups dedupe VERY well (10:1 up to 30:1) = massive data reduction for backups = massive bandwidth reduction for replication of backups Replication happens at the cartridge level = seamless integration with BRMS Very useful for geographically distributed operations a must-have for dual data center operations Looks, smells, tastes – just like physical tape to iSeries HW and BRMS September 19, 2018
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ProtecTIER Advantage – Highest Data Integrity
Unique and patented HyperFactor® deduplication technology The only production proven deduplication solution not based on a hash algorithm Designed for 100% data integrity Bit for bit comparison of data to ensure data is a duplicate Can NEVER lose data due to a hash collision A major differentiator for ProtecTIER versus other hash-based deduplication systems is IBM’s unique and patented HyperFactor deduplication algorithm. HyperFactor was designed to provide 100% data integrity by doing a bit for bit comparison of data before declaring it a duplicate and not relying on a hash algorithm. HyperFactor can never lose data due to a hash collision unlike most other products on the market. Vendors of hash-based deduplication products will claim the odds of losing data due to a hash collision is the same odds as winning the lottery. That analogy is true as long as you admit that with every backup job you get thousands and thousands of lottery tickets. IT organizations have hit “the data loss lottery” in the past and will hit it again in the future. A hash collision will not only result in the loss of some data, it could cause corruption that results in the loss of all your backup data. Are you willing to take that risk? Some vendors claim to have “data Invulnerability” mechanisms to avoid hash collisions. However, performing these optional extra checks significantly slow down system performance and are usually disabled by the vendor and/or the customer to maximize speed. ProtecTIER delivers both high performance and data integrity. You don’t have to choose one or the other. Although the chance of losing data from a hash collision is low, it is NOT ZERO as it is with a ProtecTIER solution
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ProtecTIER Advantage – Superior Restore Performance
Restoring data from a ProtecTIER solution is even FASTER than backing up ProtecTIER can restore up to 3200 MB/s ! High restore performance not limited to certain backup applications or specific data sets like other vendors High restore performance achieved on real data with realistic 20% change rate in production environments Never requires agents on backup servers The performance stated by IBM for its ProtecTIER solutions is always realistic numbers that are achievable in real production environments. This is quite unlike our competitors who claim exaggerated performance numbers that can not be achieved in real production environments. Most even acknowledge this by hiding in the fine print a disclaimer like “these are maximum benchmark speeds that should not be used for configuration purposes” Other vendor’s “CPU-centric” architectures are optimized for processing hashes not moving data
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The hidden costs associated with managing, maintaining, powering
ProtecTIER Advantage – Unmatched Scalability A single ProtecTIER Gateway can support up to 1 Petabyte of useable capacity ProtecTIER Gateway supports the use of most IBM storage systems (DS8000, V7000, etc.) along with other vendors IBM has thousands of ProtecTIER systems with over 100TBs of useable capacity in production throughout the world IBM always states “Useable Capacity” and never uses the deceptive “RAW capacity” terms like other vendors The capacity stated by IBM for its ProtecTIER solutions is always “Useable Capacity”. This is the real capacity that can be used by the system to store data. For example, if you have 10TB or useable capacity and achieve a deduplication ration of 20:1, you can store 200TB of backup data. Most of our competitors use “RAW capacity” to make their systems seem bigger than they really are. RAW capacity is all of the disk drives summed up within a system in its maximum configuration. It does not take into consideration the effects of RAID, spares, and capacity needed for the application, metadata and other requirements that take away from the actual useable capacity of the system Some vendors use RAW capacity to deceive you and they should not be trusted. In addition, these vendors often make big claims about “Logical capacity” which is taking the usable capacity and multiplying it by a deduplication ratio 50 or more. While achieving a dedupe ratio of 50 is possible, it is not common. Vendors that use these cheap tricks to deceive you should not be trusted! The hidden costs associated with managing, maintaining, powering and cooling multiple appliances is significant and should not be ignored!
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ProtecTIER Advantage – Global Deduplication
ProtecTIER Cluster with true Global Deduplication has been Generally Available and in production since 2008 Supported with all major backup applications and available for all Open Systems, zSeries, and iSeries No agents or backup server upgrades required Other vendor’s Global Dedupe restricted to certain models, only with NetBackup OST and require agents to be installed Many vendors claim to have Global Deduplication but create multiple separate repositories that may contain redundant data!
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With ProtecTIER You Can….
Store up to 25 times or more data on disk 250TB reduced to only 10TB with enterprise class data integrity Reduce backup and restore times High speed inline backup data deduplication at up to 2600 MB/s; restores up to 3200 MB/s ! Improve the reliability of backup operations Eliminates mechanical & handling failures Drive the cost of disk based backup down Reduces energy, cooling, and space required Increase data retention Store more backup data on disk for a longer time with very little additional cost 51 51
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Trademarks and Disclaimers
8 IBM Corporation All rights reserved. References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country. Trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both can be found on the World Wide Web at Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer. Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning. Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here. Photographs shown may be engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models. 19-Sep-18
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