1. New Ideologies
Modern Nations

2. Manifest Destiny
Widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent.
Impact
Large expansion of territory
Mexican-American War
Settlement of the west- Homestead Act
Conflicts with Native Americans

3. Progressivism (1890s to Depression)
Political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society.
Government practices should change as society changes
Emerged with modernization, such as the growth of large corporations and railroads, and fears of corruption in American politics.
Impacts
Education: General public should have good education
Trust-busting: Regulating anti-competitive conduct
Conservationism: Theodore Roosevelt, National Parks
Muckrakers: investigative journalism for middle class
Progressive Party

4. Liberalism
Worldview founded on ideas of liberty originating its ideas from the Enlightenment and John Locke.
Impacts
Led to social liberalism (focus on equality)
Latin American liberals generally emphasized free trade, private property, and anti-clericalism
Starts a long period of dominance by the Liberal Party in Canada

5. Nationalism
Belief that involves an individual identifying with one's nation.
Emerges with citizenship reform (14th and 15th Amendments and Indian Citizenship Act, 1924)
Impact
Helped feed idea of Manifest Destiny
Spurred industrial growth as people could make something of themselves and created competition

6. Positivism
Truth can be found through knowledge gained through logical or mathematical treatments.
Developed by Auguste Comte
Followers motto “Love, order and progress”.
Impact
Brazil national motto “Order and progress”
Abolished slavery in 1888
Aided in Porfiriato in Mexico (Porfirio Díaz regime)
All major decisions and most minor made by Diaz
Authoritarian system would allow his superior knowledge to spur economic growth; continued after Diaz died in 1911
Constitutionalists rejected this and fought against it led by Fransisco Madero (Became the Apostle of the Revolution)
Many leaders of the revolution also held positivist ideals as they were educated under Porfiriato.

7. Social Darwinism
Theory that sought to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.
Promoted by Herbert Spencer ( ), English sociologist and philosopher
Anti-philanthropic ideas
Impact
Imperialism and Colonialism
Helped economy flourish

8. Nativism
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Came about after massive flood of immigration
Impact
Reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan
Attempts to assimilate or Americanize
Legislation- Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
The Emergency Quota Act (1921), targeted SE Europeans after WWI and Bolshevik Revolution
Immigration Act (1924), targeted SE Europeans

9. “Indigenismo”
Political ideology in several Latin American countries emphasizing the relation between the nation state and Indigenous minorities.
Impact
Mexican Revolution of 1911
sought to challenge the standing political and social order
APRA movement in Peru,1924
Dedicated to Latin American unity, the nationalization of foreign-owned enterprises, and an end to the exploitation of Indians.
Alternate titles: Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance; Aprista Party; Popular Revolutionary American Party
APRA, in full Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (“Popular Revolutionary American Party”),  political party founded by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (1924), which dominated Peruvian politics for decades. Largely synonymous with the so-called Aprista movement, it was dedicated to Latin American unity, the nationalization of foreign-owned enterprises, and an end to the exploitation of Indians. Supported by workers and middle-class liberals, the party wielded significant power, but conservative forces took extraordinary measures to prevent Haya de la Torre from ever gaining the presidency.