1. Ancient Civilizations Indus River Valley India

2. Date:
India
2500 B.C.E.-250 B.C.E.

3. Major Rivers
India
Indus River

4. Geographical Setting Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Monsoons Bay of Bengal
Himalayan Mtns
Hindu Kush Mtns
Well Protected

5. Civilizations Indus River Valley Urban Planning
2 story homes w/plumbing and trash chutes
Food storage
Canals and ditches
Disappeared
Flood/Earthquake
Aryan's – Tribal
Raja's - Elected Chiefs
Caste System

6. Religion Indus River No temples found
Believe they worshipped a great god.
Aryans
Vedas
Sacred Literature
4 Collections of prayers, magic spells, instructions for rituals
Reincarnation
Gods control nature
Upanishads
Oral Teachings composed by priests
No temples, rituals preformed in open spaces.
Brahmins – priests that preformed ceremonies
Hinduism and Buddhism emerge

7. Government India Indus River Valley Priest Kings
Strong central government
Aryans
Raja's - Tribal leader
Royal Council

8. Leaders
India
Raja's

9. Written Language
Pictographs
Sanskrit

10. Social Classes Indo-Aryans Warriors, Priests
Merchants, traders, farmers
Peasants
Marriage limited to social class
Becomes rigid Caste system
4 Varnas
Rulers & warriors
Brahmins, priests & scholars
Merchants, traders & farmers
Untouchables
Do unclean jobs
Skinning of animals
Preparation of the dead
Later over 3000 levels
Birth alone determined place in the caste – Outlawed now

11. Achievements—know three
India
City Planning
Sewer System
Written Language
Irrigation
Inoculations