1. Starter
How many women can you remember that are significant to the development of medicine?

2. Women in Medicine
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

3. Women in the Ancient world
The involvement of women in the field of medicine has been recorded in several early civilizations.
There were some women that were recorded as being involved in medical practice in the ancient world but generally, women's participation in the profession of medicine (as physicians, for instance) has been significantly restricted on the grounds that they were female.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

4. Medieval Europe
During the medieval period, convents were an important place of education for women, and some of these communities provided opportunities for women to contribute to scholarly research.
The 11th century saw the emergence of the first universities. Women were, for the most part, excluded from university education. However, there were some exceptions.
Within Islam, between the 800s and 1300s, women generally treated other women, and were trained privately. Practitioners were well respected, with support from government, and many kept their fees low so that any good student could join them.
Women looked after patients in hospitals and convents. Some were trained in becoming midwives.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

5. Elizabeth Blackwell
She was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, as well as the first woman on the UK Medical Register.
Blackwell opened up her own practice in New York. She was faced with adversity, but did manage to get some media support from entities such as the New York Tribune. In 1852, she began delivering lectures and published The Laws of Life with Special Reference to the Physical Education of Girls, her first work, a volume about the physical and mental development of girls.
She believed that the Christian morality ought to play as large a role as scientific inquiry in medicine, and that medical schools ought to instruct students in this basic truth.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

6. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
She was an English physician and feminist, the first Englishwoman to qualify as a physician and surgeon in Britain, the co-founder of the first hospital staffed by women.
In late 1865, Garrett opened her own practice at 20 Upper Berkeley Street, London. At first, patients were scarce but the practice gradually grew. In the first year, she tended to 3,000 new patients.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

7. Florence Nightingale
Was the founder of modern nursing. She came to prominence while serving as a nurse during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers, dropping the death rate from 40%- 2%. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. She was hailed as a heroine.
After Nightingale sent a plea to The Times for a government solution to the poor condition of the facilities of the soldiers fighting. The commission flushed out the sewers and improved ventilation. Death rates were sharply reduced, but she did not recognise hygiene as the predominant cause of death at the time.
The Nightingale Fund was established for the training of nurses during a public meeting to recognize Nightingale for her work in the war. There was an outpouring of generous donations.
The Nightingale School for Nurses, opened in The mission of the school was to train nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor and to teach.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

8. Mary Seacole Daughter of a healer, was a healer and a midwife.
Successfully treated people from cholera and gunshot wounds in the Crimean War.
Set up the “British hotel” to help wounded soldiers
Treated the sick and wounded on the battlefield. This made her highly popular and respected among the soldiers.
When returned to England, her skills and experience was ignored.
It is only recently that her work became to be valued.
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

9. How important were the following factors in leading to the development of women’s contribution to medicine?
Medieval medicine
Individuals
War
Technology
Religion
Education
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

10. Evaluation technique
Which was the most important factor that led to the importance of women in medical history?
Which was the least important factor that led to the development women in medical history?
Can you get any links between the two?
Did one factor influence another?
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

11. Examination technique
Choose one of the pioneers below:
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Explain the contribution that they made to medicine (4)
Who made the biggest contribution to medicine?
Explain your answer by referring to both individuals (8)
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history

12. Source work
What do these sources suggest about the role of women and their contribution to medicine? (4)
What different attitudes are presented by these sources? (6)
Aim: To explain (B) and evaluate (A) the importance of women throughout medical history