1. Architecture
Romanesque vs. Gothic
Intro to lesson here.

2. Design your notes like this:
Romanesque
Gothic
“Characteristic 1”
“Characteristic 2”

3. Romanesque Gothic
Students should list and explain the principles of design found in these two structures.

4. Romanesque Gothic
Students should list and explain the principles of design found in these two structures.

5. Horizontal vs. Vertical
That is one big building…I tell you what! Tall one: Church of the Sacred Family in Barcelona, Spain
Romanesque Gothic

6. Sculptural Design → Simple and vs. Rich and severe elaborate
St. Denis: first Gothic Cathedral
Plain walls on left.

7. Romanesque vs. Gothic Structure
Rounded vs. pointed
rounded vs. pointed arch

8. Romanesque:Dark vs. ↓ ↑
Gothic:
Light Filled

9. Portals tell a story to all who come…
The King and his court surrounded by angels greet visitors.

10. Christ ascends to Heaven, accompanied by two angels; the lintels depict four angels soaring down from the clouds and ten men, identified as the Apostles. Christ ascends to Heaven, accompanied by two angels; the lintels depict four angels soaring down from the clouds and ten men, identified as the Apostles. Christ ascends to heaven accompanied by two angels. Four angles fly down with the Apostles to greet him.

11. Cathedral of Ferrara: Late Romanesque shows the Last Judgement

13. Archbishop Suger: The Father of Gothic Architecture
Abbot Suger wanted to flood his church with light, which came from God.
The conventional round arches used in churches created great outward pressure and required exceptionally thick walls for support.

14. Suger did not want walls weakened by very large windows.
Abbot Suger’s masons experimented with pointed arches that created a more vertical thrust, which did not require massive walls.

15. Notre Dame, Chartres, France. 1145-1220.

16. Interior of Chartres

17. Interior Notre Dame, Chartres

18. Flying Buttresses: supporting the walls so that windows can let in God’s light.

19. Flying buttresses Buttresses support the enormous weight of the walls.
They transfer the weight out to the side so that the building will not collapse.
The buttresses make higher walls and ceilings possible.

23. Creation of stained glass
Earliest windows are from around 1,000 AD
The only colors available in were yellow, purplish-red, green, blue and copper-red
Glass was fitted in lead frames to form a scene
Glass pictures were fitted in masonry and filled with mortar.

24. Stained glass instructs
Jonah is being forced into the whale.
This story is told to re-inforce the message that the resurrection occurred three days after Jesus was in the earth.
The scene is surrounded by arabesques

25. Windows were expensive
Adam and Eve are shown being tempted by Satan.
The wealthy couple who gave the money for the window are at the bottom of the picture praying.

26. Rose Windows are the apex of stained glass development
Circular mandalas radiate with sacred medieval imagery.
The primary subject of the great roses is the Virgin and Child.
Many other themes are featured: the life of Christ and the apostles and tales from the Bible.
Less common features are medieval heraldry and symbols of the seasons or the astrological zodiac.

28. Interior of Sainte Chapelle

29. Interior of Chartres

31. Gargoyles
Originally these sculptures were designed as elaborate waterspouts directing the rains away from the fragile architecture therefore avoiding damage to the masonry.
Superstition held that the gargoyle frightened away evil spirits by appearing more hideous and foreboding than any creature that would dare to enter the building.

35. Ely Cathedral, Cambridgeshire, UK.

36. Shepherd's Bush Baptist Church, Shepherd's Bush, London, UK

37. © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Amelia Wilson. All rights reserved.