1. Introduction to World History

2. History of the World in 7 Minutes
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3. Why study history? History helps you understand people and societies.
Knowing more about the people of the past helps you understand people in the present.
Everything that happens today is influenced by the past.
You think you just got here without anything affecting you? NOT TRUE!
We learn from the mistakes of the past, in order to not make them again.
History provides you with an identity.
Ex: Race in the United States.

4. Think-Pair-Share In what ways does the past influence now?
Think and write by yourself for three minutes.
Pair with a partner, and add to your list.
Discuss as a class, and add to your list.

5. Chronology
Chronology is the science of arranging events in accordance to their occurrence.
Discuss: What is a timeline?

6. Chronology *Important!*
CE stands for “Common Era.” In the Western calendar, the year CE 1 is the year of the birth of Jesus Christ.
AD means the same thing as CE. AD stands for Anno Domini, which means “After Death” in Latin. It is referring to the death of Jesus.

7. Chronology *Important!*
BCE is the era before year one, or the year of Christ’s birth. BCE stands for “Before Common Era.”
BC means the same thing as BCE, except it stands for “Before Christ.”
In BCE, the years count backwards.
EX: The year 2000 BCE is farther from the present than BCE.

8. Think-Pair-Share
Why would we use CE/BCE now instead of AD/BC?

9. Prehistory Prehistory is the time before writing was invented.
A historian is someone who studies the past and writes about it.
We learn about prehistory from Archeology and Anthropology.

10. Prehistory
Before civilizations, people were nomads. They moved from place to place.
They always moved to follow the food they hunted. They were hunter-gatherers.

11. Lucy
Before there were Homo Sapiens, there were Hominids. Hominids were early humans that walked upright and used simple tools.

12. Draw this chart in your notes.
Tools Tools I use… Hominids used…
Fire
Spears (Sharpened Sticks)
Stone Mallet
Grinding Stone
Hand Axe

13. Australopithecines- First Tools Homo Erectus- Fire Homo Sapiens
Homo Sapiens Sapiens (us) vs. Neaderthals
(Probably had some fighting and we won)

15. History Vocabulary Words
Evidence- Information that proves or disproves something. EX: There is fossil evidence to support that early humans used tools.
Analyze- To examine critically to bring out the important elements; to identify causes, key factors, and results.
Point of View- Ideas held by an individual that express feelings or cause them to take a certain side. How one’s experiences and opinions influence.

16. Civilization
The term civilization normally designates large societies with cities and powerful states. Although there were many differences between civilizations, they also shared important ESPN characteristics.

17. Economic
All civilizations produced agricultural surpluses that allowed significant specialization of labor.
Economic exchanges intensified within and between civilizations (trade), as well as with those groups who remained as nomadic herders.

18. Economic
Examples:
Money
Trade
Jobs and Occupations
Technology
Crops

19. Social
All civilizations also featured clearly stratified social hierarchies and organized long-distance trading relationships.

20. Social Example: Religion Art Writing Important places/buildings
Social hierarchies
Interactions with other peoples

21. Political
All civilizations contained cities and generated complex institutions, such as political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies.

22. Political Example: Type of government Important leaders Army Laws
Education

23. eNvironment
All of the major early urbanized civilizations developed in fertile river valleys with some level of protection from outside forces.

24. eNvironment Examples: Geography Neighboring Peoples Climate Animals
Plants
Disease

25. Before we get into the Renaissance, we need to establish context
1501-population is around 435 million-about 1/14 of 6.4 billion population of today

26. Zeno The Fall of Western Roman Empire (476 AD)
The fall of Western Roman Empire is considered as the beginning of the Middle Ages. The last Roman emperor was Julius Nepos who was nominated by Eastern Emperor Zeno. Nepo’s rebellion magister militum Orestes dethroned Julius Nepos and declared his own son Romulus Augustus as the new Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. However, Odoacer invaded Italy and defeated Orestes and deposed Romulus Augustus on September 4, 476. He then invited Zeno to be the emperor of both Eastern and Western Empire. Zeno accepted the invitation while Julius Nepo was killed by his own soldiers in 480.

28. Charles the Hammer and the Battle of Tours (732 AD)
Charles Martel, also known as Charles the Hammer was a Frankish political and military leader who worked under the Merovingian Kings as the Mayor of the Palace. In 732 AD, he defeated Moorish invaders in the Battle of Tours which permanently ended the Islamic invaders and their expansion in western Europe. Charles Martel is considered as one of the founding fathers of feudalism and knighthood of Europe. He prepared the grounds for the establishment of Carolingian Empire. He was the grandfather of Charlemagne.

29. Charlemagne, the Emperor of Romans (800 AD)
Charlemagne or Charles the Great was a Frankish king who expanded the Frankish kingdom and covered almost all of the Western and Central Europe. He was declared as the Emperor of Romans in 800 AD and he enjoyed the empire successfully till his death. He associated his political steps with the Church and encouraged a revival of art, religion and culture with the help of the Church.

30. Treaty of Verdun (843 AD)
After his death, Louis the Pious was declared his successor who ruled as the Emperor of Romans. However, after his death, the Carolingian empire faced a Civil War because of the internal tussle between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious who struggled for the emperorship. At last, the Carolingian empire was divided in three parts in August 843 AD through the Treaty of Verdun which ended the three years long Civil War.

31. The Ottonian Holy Roman Empire of Germany (962 AD)
Otto I was the successor of Henry the Fowler, the duke of Saxony who became the first Saxon Emperor. Just like his father, Otto I succeeded in protecting Germans against Magyar invaders. He chose to create a German monastery and this natural allegiance of German Church and Kingdom helped him to gain control over the rebellion dukes and establish his Ottonian Empire.
In 962 AD, the papacy of Italy invited him and declared him as the Emperor of Italy and he established his Holy Roman Empire.

32. The Battle of Hastings (1066 AD)
On 14th October 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy defeated the last Anglo-Saxon king Harold II. William the Conqueror established the Norman Empire and to protect his empire, he rewarded all his Norman supporters who fought for him in the war with large piece of land of England. He divided all land of England in manors and established the feudal system and manoralism.

33. Feudalism Social, economic, political hierarchy

34. Declaration of Magna Carta (1215 AD)
The Magna Carta Libertatum, or the Great Charter of Liberties of England was originally issued in 1215 AD. This charter is considered to be the first step towards the constitutional government of England. The Charter of Magna Carta restricted the power of the Emperor and proved the importance of a Constitution.

35. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 AD)
The Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 when the Kingdom of England waged war against the Kingdom of France. While there were many periods of peace and ceasefire between England and France during the period, however, this war was continued again and again in different conflicts till 1453.

36. The Great Famine ( AD)
Whole northern Europe suffered the Great Famine in 1315 which prolonged itself till During these two years of famine, a big portion of the population died of hunger and diseases. During those days of famine, crime rate increased to extreme and there were too many incidences of cannibalism, rapes, and infanticides. The Great Famine brought unrest in peasants and the members of nobility also suffered a setback and as a result, they became more bloodthirsty and gave up the oath of chivalry.

37. The Black Death ( AD)
The Black Death or the Black Plague proved to be the most threatening epidemic of the European Middle Ages that significantly weakened the feudal system and the Church of Europe. Huge masses of people met untimely death because of this plague and it significantly reduced the economic and political power of the kingdoms of Europe. In order to take advantages of the situations, peasants revolted against their manors and asked for better treatment. People got angry against the Church because no volumes of prayers could save them; while they also got angry against the government because the government was unable to help them either.

38. Medieval Medics

39. Great Schism The Great Schism (1378-1417 AD)
The Church suffered the first jolt in 1054, when the Church was divided in Eastern and Western Christian Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church believed that the Western Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and exploitative.
The Western Christendom suffered much bigger jolt during 1378 to 1417, when there were three contestants for the Papacy. This internal tussle for ultimate power of papacy significantly reduced the influence and power of the Church over common people.