1. Introduction to Biology Section 1.1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Biology
Section 1.1

2. Rally Robin
What topics are we going to learn about in BIOLOGY?

3. Biology: Means the study of living things.
“ology” means the study of something
Example: psychology, geology, meteorology

4. What is Biology? Biology is the science of life.
Questions that biologists ask are:
What things are living and what things are not?
Why do the leaves fall from the trees in the autumn?
How do animals live in their environments?

5. What are some of the things Biologists do?
1. Study living organisms- Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees. What they eat, where they live, how they mate, there daily activities…etc
2. Research diseases- Mary- Claire King studies genetics. She is researching a cure for breast cancer. Biologists develop vaccines for diseases…maybe someday we will have a vaccine for HIV and more types of cancers

6. Biologists also…………
3. Develop technologies- that help solve problems that affect humans. Ex. a bionic arm/hand.
Charles Drew developed the method of removing and storing blood plasma.
4. Improve Agriculture- biologists study plants in order to increase their resistance to diseases and there ability to grow in new locations

7. Biologists………..
5. Work to Preserve the Environment- They seek to prevent extinction of organisms and maintain a healthy environment for all organisms to live in.

8. What do you think life is? Rally robin
So, what is life?
Living vs. Nonliving- sometimes difficult to determine
What about life on Mars? How would we know?
How would we determine what is living or nonliving?

9. What is life?
Biologists have a list of 8 characteristics that all living things must be:
1. Made of cells
2. Displays levels of organization
3. Can grow and develop
4. Able to reproduce
5. Respond to their environment/stimuli
6. Obtain energy and use energy
7. Maintains Homeostasis
8. Adapts and evolves over time

10. Are the following living or nonliving? THINK- WRITE- SHARE
Yeast
Grass
Bacteria
Mold
Coral

11. Yeast- living or nonliving
1. Made of cells?
2. Displays levels of organization?
3. Can grow and develop?
4. Able to reproduce?
5. Respond to their environment/stimuli?
6. Obtain energy and use energy?
7. Maintains Homeostasis?
8. Adapts and evolves over time?

12. A living thing is called an Organism
We are organisms
Every individual living thing can be called an organism
All organisms meet the 8 characteristics of life.

13. Need to know the following vocabulary terms for Section 1.1:
Biology
Organism
Levels of organization
Growth
Development
Reproduction
Species
Stimulus
Response
Homeostasis
adaptation

14. The Nature of Science & Methods of Science
Section 1.2 & 1.3

15. How is Science different from other subjects you learn in school?
Rally Robin
How is Science different from other subjects you learn in school?

16. What is Science?
Science is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature.
Science relies on evidence through observations and experiments which are used to create Theories.
Theory- is an explanation of a natural occurrence based on numerous observations and experiments

17. Theory…… Gravity is a theory.
No theory is considered a fact. There are “no FACTS” in science
All theories can be disproved.
Theories that we have today could be disproved 500 years from now…. because of new knowledge we gain.
Scientists are constantly reevaluating what is know today through new technologies and experiments.

18. Scientific Method & CERR
Are methods scientists use to ask questions, develop explanations, and test the explanations against the reality of the natural world.

19. Science theories are….
Based on the results of observations and experiments conducted using the Scientific Method
Pseudoscience is not based on the results of the scientific method. So it is not a science.
Ex. Astrology, horoscopes

20. Scientific METHOD Step 1. Make an observation
Step 2. State the problem or question in the form of a hypothesis
A Hypothesis is:
1. a possible explanation or a guess as to the conclusion of the problem
2. must be testable- evidence can either support it or disprove it
3.Written as an “if” “then” statement

21. Scientific Method Step 3: Test the Hypothesis
Two ways to test the Hypothesis:
1. Make further observations and gather more data
2. Perform and Experiment that is designed to test the hypothesis
Experiments are designed with a control group an experimental group
Control group- no changes made to this group
Experimental group- one variable (or factor) is changed

22. Step 5: Draw Conclusions
1. Can determine if the hypothesis is correct or not based on data collected
2. Results from experiments can lead to new hypothesis and further experiments
In an experiment……..
The Independent variable is the one factor that is changed. The Dependent variable is what is measured in the experiment. The independent variable affects the dependent variable. A Constant is a factor that remains the same throughout the experiment.

23. CLaimS, Evidence, Reasoning & Rebutal (CERR)
Claim, Evidence, Reasoning, Rebuttal (CERR) Guide for Science Writing
This should help you put together the pieces of the water lab, and any other lab we do in this class.  It is also now a tab on the top (Science writing CERR) for easier access throughout the year.
CERR Model for Science Writing
CLaimS, Evidence, Reasoning & Rebutal (CERR) C
The claim is a testable statement or conclusion that answers the original question.  This is what the scientist is making an argument for. E
The evidence is the scientific evidence that supports the claim. Evidence must be both appropriate and sufficient to support the claim.
Appropriate evidence – evidence must directly connect to the claim.
Sufficient evidence – there must be enough evidence to draw a valid conclusion about whether the claim is supported or not supported.
(Does the evidence – the data—you present support the claim you are making?) R
Reasoning is a justification that shows why the data counts as evidence to support the claim and includes appropriate scientific principles.  You explain exactly how and why your evidence supports your claim.
When explaining phenomena, there can be more than one possible claim or explanation. Often the same data can be used to more than one claim. You should learn to recognize alternative explanations.
A good answer takes different possible explanations into consideration and offers a rebuttal to why a different explanation is not appropriate. In other words, the rebuttal explains why a different claim is not appropriate. It also gives you another chance to explain your reasoning and lets the reader know that you know what you’re talking about!
1st Make a Claim
2nd Cite the evidience that supports that claim (data, observations, experiments)
3rd Provide reasoning to support your claim
4th Rebuttal -Determine why your reasoning is accurate as opposed to other claims someone could make from your data

24. CERR and

25. Scientist’s use……
Peer review as a process through which scientific research that is conducted using the scientific method is reviewed by other scientists in the same field
The metric system and the International System of Units (SI), so scientific experiments can be reproduced by scientists anywhere in the world

26. Science in Everyday Life
Why do you need to study science?
You are affected by science every day!
Television shows about forensic science- the field of science relating to the legal system
The news is constantly providing us with information about :
*Global warming, *flu epidemics, *medical breakthroughs and drug treatments for diseases, the list goes on…….
You and the world around you ARE science

27. Another thing about science is……
There is also what we call JUNK SCIENCE.
Science claims are sometimes made with out the proper facts backing up the claims.
Diet advertisements!!!!
You need to have a basic understanding of science to be “science wise”

28. Current Hot Topics in Science:
Synthetic Drugs, Alcohol, tobacco, HIV/AIDS, mental illnesses, cancer, heart disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, global warming, pollution, deforestation, fossil fuel consumption, nuclear power, genetically modified foods GMO’s, genetic engineering, cloning, euthanasia, cryogenics, greenhouse

29. How would you define a THEORY?
THINK- WRITE- SHARE
How would you define a THEORY?