1. Chapter 18: Chromosome 18 18 A Cell Nucleus 54,830 bp
DNA Sequence
Chromosome
54,830 bp
Name of Protein
SMAD family member 4 18
Name of Gene
SMAD4
transcription
552 AA
Amino acid sequence
mRNA
translation
Cytoplasm
A Cell
Nucleus
It turn on or turn off in
pancreatic cancer
pancreatic cancer

2. Description of Pancreatic cancer
Symptoms and characteristics
At first, there are no symptoms
•Yellow skin and eyes, darkening of the urine, itching, and clay-colored stool, which are signs of jaundice caused by a blockage of the bile ducts
•Pain in upper abdomen or upper back
•Painful swelling of an arm or leg due to a blood clot
•Burning feeling in stomach or other gastrointestinal discomforts
•Stomach bloating
•Floating stools with a particularly bad odor and an unusual color due to the body not digesting fats well
•Weakness
•Loss of appetite
•Nausea and vomiting
•Chills & Fever
•Unexplained weight loss

3. Description of pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach and in front of the spine
Who is affected? Anyone, but the following have a higher risk:
*ANY ONE
*•Smoking
•Chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
•Inherited conditions (including hereditary pancreatitis)
•Familial pancreatic cancer syndromes
•Long-standing diabetes
Researcher: YB

4. References 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22183/2. 3.