1. Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
UNIT 1
Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

2. CHAPTER 1 Cells and More Cells Learning Objectives:
similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
stages of mitosis and its importance for growth and repair
stages of the cell cycle and how it relates to cancer
explain major cell technologies and related issues
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

3. Key Terms for 1.1:
Cell
Microscopy
Nucleus
Organelle
Cytoplasm

4. 1.1 Studying the Structure of Cells
(Page 7)
The development of the microscope in the 1660s increased our understanding of the human body and led to the discovery of cells.
Cell – the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life
Microscopy – the science of using microscopes to view samples or objects
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

5. Microscopy Review the parts of a microscope and their functions
(Pages )
Microscope Animation
the parts of a microscope and their functions
microscope use
slide preparation
how to determine the field of view and magnification
how to draw to scale and label scientific diagrams of specimens
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

6. Bright field/ Dark field Transmission Electron
Types of Microscopes
(Pages 8-9)
Leeuwenhoek
Bright field/ Dark field
Fluorescence
Transmission Electron
Phase-contrast
Scanning Electron
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

7. End TASK 1 Look at Figure 1.2 on page 8 and 9. Work in groups of 4.
Choose a microscope and one feature that makes them unique.
10 minutes
End

8. Cell Structure
(Page 10)
One of the first structures to be seen clearly through a microscope was the nucleus.
The nucleus is the organelle that controls the cell’s activities.
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell. They are like organs of the body – each plays a key role in the proper functioning.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

9. The Cell Theory 2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
(Page 11)
The Cell Theory was proposed by German scientists in the late 1800s. The theory is one of the most important developments of in the study of biology. The theory states that:
1. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic organizational unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Later in this unit, you will learn about how cells form the smallest unit of all living organisms.
Some organisms, like humans, are made of millions of cells, each with a specialized function.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

10. Animal and Plant Cell Organelles
(Pages 12-13)
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
The cytosol (the fluid material between the cell membrane and the nucleus) is filled with many specialized organelles.
There are some important differences between the organelles found in plant and animal cells.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

11. Animal and Plant Cell Organelles
(Pages 12-13)
Some types of organelles are found in both plant and animal cells, while others are found only in one or the other.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
TASK 2
Complete the following table:
Organelle
Plant/Animal/Both
Function
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Ribosome
Golgi body
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoskeleton
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Vesicles
End

13. All Cells Use Energy
(Page 14)
Some types of organelles are found in both plant and animal cells, while others are found only in one or the other.
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells. Mitochondria are found in both. Mitochondria releases energy from glucose and most cells cannot survive without this. This is called cellular respiration.
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

14. All Cells Use Energy
(Page 14)
Cellular Respiration – a process that releases energy from organic molecules, especially carbohydrates such as glucose, in the presence of oxygen
Mitochondria – the site in animal and plant cells
where cellular respiration takes place
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

15. Concepts to be reviewed:
Section 1.1 Review
(Page 15)
Concepts to be reviewed:
types of microscopes and their use
cell structure
The Cell Theory
similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
cellular respiration
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

16. Key Terms for 1.1:
Cell
Microscopy
Nucleus
Organelle
Cytoplasm