1. Cellular Respiration

2. What is Cellular Respiration?
Step-by-step breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy
Produce ATP
Takes place day and night in ALL LIVING CELLS

3. Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2  6CO H2O Energy
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

4. Where does it occur?
In the Cell
Mitochondria

5. Cellular Respiration 3 Stages
Stage 1: Glycolysis
O2 not required (anaerobic)
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
O2 required (aerobic)
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
2 ATPs
2 ATPs
32 ATPs

6. GLYCOLYSIS 2 energy tokens GLYCOLYSIS mitochondrion cytosol (ATP) -
reactants
products
glucose
GLYCOLYSIS
2 ATP
Insert 1 Glucose
2 energy
tokens
2 NADH
GLYCOLYSIS
mitochondrion
cytosol
(ATP)
glucose derivatives -
carbon dioxide
2 NADH
2 energy
tokens
carbon
dioxide -
KREBS
CYCLE
KREBS
CYCLE - -
6 NADH
2 ATP
2 FADH2
Figure: 07-04a-b
Title:
Overview of energy harvesting.
Caption:
a. In metaphorical terms. Just as the video games in some arcades can use only tokens (rather than money) to make them function, so our bodies can use only ATP (rather than food) as a direct source of energy. The energy contained in food is transferred to ATP in three major steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Though glycolysis and the Krebs cycle contribute only small amounts of ATP directly, they also contribute electrons (on the left of the token machine) that help bring about the large yield of ATP in the electron transport chain. b. In schematic terms. As with the arcade machine, the starting point in this example is a single molecule of glucose, which again yields ATP in three major sets of steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC). These steps can yield a maximum of 36 molecules of ATP: 2 in gylcolysis, 2 in the Krebs cycle, and 32 in the ETC. As noted, however, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle also yield electrons that move to the ETC, aiding in its ATP production. These electrons get to the ETC via the electron carriers NADH and FADH2, shown on the left. Oxygen is consumed in energy harvesting, while water and carbon dioxide are produced in it. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cell, but the Krebs cycle and ETC take place in the cellular organelles called mitochondria. - -
32 energy
tokens -
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT
CHAIN
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT
CHAIN -
32 ATP
Oxygen
Water

7. Types of Cellular Respiration
1. Aerobic
Occurs in the presence of oxygen
Breaks down glucose completely
Releases large amounts energy
36 ATP

8. Types of Cellular Respiration
2. Anaerobic
Occurs when there is no oxygen available
Partially breaks down glucose
Releases very small amount of energy
2 ATP

9. Fermentation
Anaerobic process that follows Glycolysis when there is NO OXYGEN
Provides a means to continue producing ATP until Oxygen is available
Does NOT produce and additional ATP
JUST keeps GLYCOLYSIS going over & over

10. GLUCOSE
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Fermentation
(anaerobic)
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
ATP
Electron
Transport
Chain
ATP

11. Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in animal muscle cells
Produces Lactic Acid as waste
Only oxygen can get rid of lactic acid

12. Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Plants, Yeast & Bacteria
Ethyl alcohol is produced as waste-product
Basis of wine & beer industry
Bread making (rise)

13. Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
C6H12O O2  6CO H2O Energy
Photosynthesis:
6CO H2O Energy 
C6H12O O2

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The process by which light energy is used to make simple sugars (glucose)
Producers/Autotrophs  the type of organisms that perform photosynthesis

15. Photosynthesis Equation
Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
aka
SUN + Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

16. Starting Materials
Carbon  obtained from carbon dioxide taken in from air
Light  from SUN
Water  absorbed
through roots

17. PRODUCTS Glucose  C6H12O6 used for energy
Oxygen released into atmosphere as waste

18. TWO STAGES Light Dependent Reactions 1. Requires sunlight
2. Traps light energy in chlorophyll
3. Forms ATP

19. TWO STAGES
B. Calvin Cycle “Light-Independent Reactions” 1. Does NOT require sunlight 2. Glucose is made using ATP from 1st stage

20. Plant Cell Structure
Chloroplast – organelle in plant cell, site of photosynthesis

21. Plant Cell Structure
Chlorophyll- pigment in chloroplast that absorbs ALL but green light

22. Microscopic view of plant cells

23. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide:
Oxygen:
Produces:
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in:
Occurs in:

24. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Food (glucose) Produced
Food (glucose) broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide:
Oxygen:
Produces:
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in:
Occurs in:

25. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Food (glucose) Produced
Food (glucose) broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide: Taken In
Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released)
Oxygen:
Produces:
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in:
Occurs in:

26. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Food (glucose) Produced
Food (glucose) broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide: Taken In
Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Taken In
Produces:
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in:
Occurs in:

27. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Food (glucose) Produced
Food (glucose) broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide: Taken In
Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Taken In
Produces: Sugar (glucose)
Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in:
Occurs in:

28. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
Food (glucose) Produced
Food (glucose) broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose
Energy in glucose released
Carbon dioxide: Taken In
Carbon dioxide: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Given Off (released)
Oxygen: Taken In
Produces: Sugar (glucose)
Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide
Requires Light
Does Not require Light
Occurs only in: organisms that contain chlorophyll
Occurs in: ALL living cells