1. DNA and Heredity Why do children “look” like their biological parents?
Why is a skin cell different from a liver cell?
How can scientists make an entire sheep from just one cell?
Can scientists “grow” replacement organs for each person?
What are “Ethics”

2. DNA Name: Deoxiribonucleic Acid Discovery: 1953 Watson and Crick
Structure: double helix
Location: Nucleus
Function: Contain Genetic Material

3. DNA Chargaff’s Rule: A=T C=G Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Universal “Language”
* Languages and Intelligence
* Evidence for both creationist and evolutionists
DNA expressed as Proteins (Traits)

4. Nucleotide (monomer):
Sugar (deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base (A,T,C,G)

5. Central Dogma of Genetics1. 2. 3.
DNA
RNA
Protein
_Replication_: Copying DNA to make 2 identical DNA before cell Divides
_Transcription__: Using DNA template to form single stranded RNA that
leaves the nucleus and transports the information to the ribosomes
_Translation____: Use the RNA message to produce specific protein at
the ribosomes
Video

7. Replication DNA helix unwinds and splits
New nitrogen bases (NBs) line up with the complimentary base (A with T, C with G) of two exposed strands
Two identical DNA molecules produced (each with one “old” and one “new” strand = semi-conserved)
Stages of Mitosis (Internet Notes Sheet)
IPMAT
Division of the NUCLEUS not the CELL (Cytokinesis)
Lab Identification of Slides

8. Replication

9. Transcription Remains in Same language (Nucleic Acids)
Uracil Replaces Thymine (Uracil still H-bonds with Adenine)
Process :
Unwinding of Double helix (break H-bonds)
RNA nitrogen bases line up complimentary strand
Add NB along the gene
mRNA detaches
DNA “zips” back up

10. Transcription
RNA
RNA polymerase
DNA

11. DNA vs. RNA Nitrogen Bases A,T,C,G T replaced with U # Strands 2 1
Location Nucleus Leaves Nucleus to ribosome
Production Replication Transcription
Stability Very Unstable
(otherwise continuous production of protein)

12. Transcription

13. Practice Is the code below DNA, RNA, or a Protein?
Replicate the following sequence:
AGC TAC TAT AGC CAC ACT
3. Transcribe the above sequence

14. Translation Translation = New language (change to Amino Acids)
Occurs at Ribosomes
mRNA (contains the code (recipe) to make the protein
tRNA (Breaks the code and transports correct A.A.
Codon (group of 3 Nitrogen Bases on mRNA that codes for 1 A.A.
Anti- codon (group of 3 NBs on tRNA)
Determining amino acid sequence

15. Translation