1. Plagiarism
Prof Tanya Stott

2. Plagiarism
What is plagiarism?

3. Official definition Plagiarism is (Merriam-Webster)
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

4. severity Leading politician in German’s Free Democratic Party
PhD revoked in 2011
120 passages (two-thirds of which were not accurately cited) were plagiarised
German’s minister of education
PhD revoked in 2013
33 years after it was awarded
Large parts of thesis were not her own work

5. severity New Canaan News 2012
Journalist cited fake sources in 25 articles
Wall Street Journal
Journalist used fake sources in 3 articles
New Yorker
Recycled blog posts
Fabricated material for book
Plagiarised from multiple sources

6. Examples of plagiarism
Examples (Plagiarism.org)
turning in someone else's work as your own
copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

7. Examples of plagiarism
Copying and pasting text from online encyclopaedias is plagiarism
Copying and pasting text from any web site is plagiarism
Using photographs, video or audio without permission or acknowledgement is plagiarism
Using another student's or your parents' work and claiming it as your own ,even with permission, is plagiarism
Quoting a source without using quotation marks--even if you do cite it is plagiarism
Citing sources you didn't use is plagiarism
Getting a research paper, story, poem or article off the Internet is plagiarism
Turning in the same paper for more than one class without the permission of both teachers ( this is called self-plagiarism)

8. Plagiarism spectrum
Turnitin conducted a survey with 879 respondents to identify sources of plagiarism
All information regarding the plagiarism spectrum was obtained from the following source
The Plagiarism Spectrum: Instructor insights into the 10 types of plagiarism

9. Plagiarism spectrum Clone
“An act of submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own”

10. Plagiarism spectrum

11. Plagiarism spectrum Ctrl-C
“A written piece that contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations”

12. Plagiarism spectrum

13. Plagiarism spectrum Find-replace
“The act of changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source in a paper”

14. Plagiarism spectrum

15. Plagiarism spectrum Remix
“An act of paraphrasing from other sources and making the content fit together seamlessly”

16. Plagiarism spectrum

17. Plagiarism spectrum Recycle
“The act of borrowing generously from one’s own previous work without citation; To self plagiarize.”

18. Plagiarism spectrum

19. Plagiarism spectrum Hybrid
“The act of combining perfectly cited sources with copied passages—without citation—in one paper.”

20. Plagiarism spectrum

21. Plagiarism spectrum
7. Mashup “A paper that represents a mix of copied material from several different sources without proper citation.”

22. Plagiarism spectrum

23. Plagiarism spectrum 404 Error
“A written piece that includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources”

24. Plagiarism spectrum

25. Plagiarism spectrum Aggregator
“The ‘Aggregator’ includes proper citation, but the paper contains almost no original work.”

26. Plagiarism spectrum

27. Plagiarism spectrum
10. Re-tweet “This paper includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure.”

28. Plagiarism spectrum

29. Citations Use citations for Quotations
In quotation marks with page on which the quote appears in the original source
Paraphrase
Summary
Facts, information and data
Supplementary information

30. More examples Examples in the next slide were obtained from

31. More examples

32. More examples

33. More examples

34. Avoiding plagiarism Use your own words and ideas
Always give credit to the source where you have received your information
If you use someone's exact words - put them in quotes and give credit using footnotes. Include the source in your references
If you have paraphrased someone's work, (summarizing a passage or rearranging the order of a sentence and changing some of the words) - always give credit
Take very good notes--write down the source as you are taking notes. Do not wait until later to try and retrieve the original source.
Avoid using someone else's work with minor "cosmetic" changes *

35. Other forms
It is also easy to fall into the trap of following the format of an article you have read. This is also not advisable – you are essentially stealing the argument structure in this instance

36. When in doubt….
CITE!

37. references Merriam-Webster online dictionary Plagiarism.org