1. What to expect, what to know…
Unit 9 Review
What to expect, what to know…

2. Standards
SES5. Students will investigate the interaction of insolation and Earth systems to produce weather and climate.
d. Describe how temperature and precipitation produce the pattern of climate regions (classes) on Earth.
e. Describe the hazards associated with extreme weather events and climate change (e.g., hurricanes, tornadoes, El Niño/La Niña, global warming).
f. Relate changes in global climate to variation in Earth/Sun relationships and to natural and anthropogenic modification of atmospheric composition.

3. REVIEW Earth tilts 23.5 degrees on its axis.
Different hemispheres receive more or less direct sunlight as Earth orbits the Sun.
Northern and Southern hemispheres seasons are reversed.

4. REVIEW

5. REVIEW

6. REVIEW Photoperiods: Amount of daylight on a given day
All places – 12 hours day and night on Equinoxes.
Farther away from equator has longer days in summer, shorter days in winter

7. REVIEW

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9. REVIEW

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13. REVIEW
CLIMATE ZONES SUMMARY

14. REVIEW

15. REVIEW Characteristics: Distinct temperature characteristics and range
Varying climates due to precipitation

16. REVIEW

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26. REVIEW

27. REVIEW 1. Continental Drift
Change impact of ocean and atmosphere currents.
2. Volcanoes
Ash reflects sunlight back to space – leads to COOLING (reduced temperatures).
3. Sunspot Activity
11 Year Sunspot Cycle
Low activity = colder
Example: Maunder Minimum
The Maunder Minimum is the name used for the period starting in about 1645 and continuing to about 1715 when sunspots became exceedingly rare, as noted by solar observers of the time.

28. REVIEW

29. REVIEW Milankovitch Cycles are cycles of Climate Change:
100,000 year variations.
Orbital changes produce climate shifts
Orbital eccentricity (shape of the orbit)
Earth’s tilt – varies between 22.2° and 24.5°
Axis precession – wobble variations from spin (like a spinning top wobbles)

30. REVIEW

31. REVIEW OCEAN ACIDIFICATION Anthropogenic means human caused.
Burning fossil fuels:
Releases CO2 and other greenhouse gases into atmosphere
CO2 greenhouse gas – increases temperature
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere is absorbed by ocean water.
Chemical reactions take place producing carbonic acid.
Ocean acidity up 30% since 1850.
Damages corals and other life forms.

32. REVIEW

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47. REVIEW Wind damage: Can destroy buildings and homes
HURRICANE DAMAGE
Wind damage:
Can destroy buildings and homes
Debris becomes flying missiles in hurricanes.
Flood damage:
Torrential rains often in excess of six inches destructive floods.
Storm surge damage:
Accounts for 90% of all hurricane deaths

48. REVIEW

49. REVIEW

50. REVIEW

51. REVIEW
9. Understand that more __________________ in the atmosphere can affect global warming.

52. TEST FORMAT
BUBBLES!
40 Multiple Choice Questions
2.5 points each

53. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
Seasons:
Summer?
Winter?
Spring?
Fall?
How can you tell?

54. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
What are Monsoons? What causes Monsoons? When is the wet season? Why? When is the dry season? Why?

55. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
How is the climate between Newfoundland and England different?
WHY is it different?

56. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
What are climatographs? What information is shown? How do you read them?

57. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
What are photoperiods? How do they change each season? What can you tell about the seasons from the information given about photoperiods?

58. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
Climate: How does temperature change with latitude? How does precipitation change with latitude?

59. CHARTS IN THE TEST
Can you answer questions about hurricanes from this chart?

60. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEST
What does this chart indicate about temperature & CO2 levels?

61. After the Test
Work on Article Summary #9 or other missing work.

62. TO DO KNOW the study guide. Review the online materials – PowerPoints.
Look over your notes and Reviews.
BE SURE TO STUDY