2. Picture Prompt Activity
I will show you various pictures.
Your job is to tell me what it means, what we should know, or what I am asking.
Use your textbooks to find the answers.

3. The Fat Soluble Vitamins
A, D, E, and K

4. All Kids Eat Donuts and get Fat

5. Storage of Fat Soluble Vitamins
Stored in the liver and in the fatty tissues until the body needs them.

6. Vitamin D Food Sources
Enriched cereal
Sardines
Salmon or mackerel
Sunlight
Cod liver oil
Fortified milk
Tuna

7. Vitamin A Deficiencies
Immune Function
Vitamin A also known as an “Anti-infective” vitamin.
So many of the body’s defenses against infection depend on an adequate supply.
Blindness
A more profound deficiency of vitamin A
Keratinization – Accumulation of keratin in a tissue.
Xerosis – Dying of the cornea
Xerophthalmia – Progressive hardening of the cornea of the eye which leads to blindness.
Night Blindness
Slow recovery of vision after exposure to flashes of bright light at night.
Vitamin A deficiency
Growth
Vitamin A is essential for normal growth of bone and teeth.
Failure to grow is one of the first signs of poor Vitamin A consumption.
Gene Regulation
Genes are regulated by the retinoic acid form of vitamin A.
Genes direct the synthesis of proteins, including enzymes that perform the metabolic work of the tissues.
Vitamin A affects the metabolic activities of the tissues, and in turn, the health of the body.
Cell Differentiation
The process by which immature cells are stimulated to mature and gain the ability to perform functions characteristic of their cell type.
This can be impaired with a Vitamin A deficiency.

8. Vitamin K Toxicity
Colors the skin yellow – Jaundice
It causes the liver to release the blood cell pigment (bilirubin) into the blood, instead of excreting it into the bile.

9. Vitamin D Toxicities
This is the most potentially toxic among the vitamins.
Raises blood calcium and damages soft tissues.

10. Functions of Vitamin E
Works as an antioxidant, extinguishing free radicals (atoms or molecules with one or more unpaired electrons that make the atom or molecule unstable and highly reactive)
Stabilization of cell membranes
Support of immune function
Protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Normal nerve development

11. Vitamin E Food Sources
Dry roasted sunflower seeds
Shortening
Mayonnaise
Wheat germ
Safflower oil

12. Functions of Vitamin K
Blood clotting
Bone mineralization

13. Vitamin D - The Sunshine Vitamin
Ultraviolet light from sunshine acts on a cholesterol compound in the skin to make vitamin D.

14. Vitamin A Toxicity Consequences
Skin rashes
Hair loss
Hemorrhages
Bone abnormalities
Birth defects
Fractures
Liver failure
Death

15. Vitamin E Deficiencies
Premature babies born before the transfer of the vitamin from the mother to the infant. That takes place in the later stage of pregnancy.
The infant’s red blood cells rupture and the infant become anemic.
In adults – loss of muscle coordination, reflexes, and impaired vision and speech.

16. Vitamin K Food Sources
Cabbage
Spinach
Dry roasted soybeans
Cauliflower
Canola oil
Salad greens

17. Beta-Carotene Toxicity
It builds up in the fat just beneath the skin and imparts a harmless yellow cast.

18. Vitamin E Toxicity
Augments the effects of anticlotting medication
General discomfort, nausea
Blurred vision
Fatigue

19. Beta Carotene
Orange pigment
Vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue.
Dietary antioxidants – compounds typically found in plant foods that significantly decrease the adverse effects of oxidation on living tissues.

20. Functions of Vitamin D
Helps regulate blood calcium
Mineralization of bones

21. No Need to take Vitamin A Supplements
UL Recommendation – no more than 3000 micrograms.
1 IU = 0.3 micrograms
8000 IU = 2400 micrograms
Don’t take the supplements. Rely on food sources instead.

22. Functions of Vitamin A
*Vision – sustain normal eyesight
Health of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, and skin
Bone and tooth growth
Regulation of gene expression
Reproduction
Immunity
Beta-carotene
Antioxidant
Two Indispensable Roles for Vision:
Light perception at the retina
Maintenance of a healthy, crystal-clear outer window, the cornea

23. Vitamin K Deficiencies
Newborns are born with sterile intestinal tract, and the vitamin K-producing bacteria take weeks to establish themselves.
A single does of vitamin K at birth is given to newborns to prevent hemorrhaging.

24. Vitamin A Foods Sources
Sweet Potatoes
Apricots
Milk
Spinach
Carrots

25. Vitamin D Deficiencies
Rickets – softening of the bones
Osteoporosis – Weakening of bone mineral structures.

26. Toxicity from Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Toxicities are likely from supplements, but occur rarely form food.