1. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA III (Chapter 7, pages 257-267)

2. Arabian
Peninsula 2

3. Arabian Peninsula
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen
Old-style sheikdoms
Oil wealth
Modern-looking emirates
Site of Islam’s origins 3

4. Saudi Arabia One-quarter of world’s liquid oil reserves
Most economic activity from Dhahran across Riyadh to Mecca and Medina
Political ties with U.S. and unanswered political opposition
Regional disparities:
Oil-based boom in east
Efforts to relieve disparities hampered by lack of water

5. Saudi Arabia’s Neighbors
Kingdoms:
Kuwait: invasion by Iraq (1990)
Bahrain: Oil dwindling, building banking center
Qatar: Oil dwindling, tapping natural gas
United Arab Emirates: federation of 7 emirates, each under a sheik
Oman: Faces choke point of Strait of Hormuz
Yemen: Faces choke point of Bab el Mandeb Strait

6. The Empire States Turkey and Iran Imperial heritage
Arab ethnicity gives way but Islamic culture continues
High mountains and plateaus vs. rocky and sandy desert

7. Turkey Ottoman Empire: ended 1923 Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
Father of modern Turkey
Moved capital from Constantinople to Ankara
Westernized Turkey and broke with the Arab world
Turkey and its contentious neighbors
Armenians
Kurds
Cyprus
Membership in European Union?
Diversified economy
Turkish migrants in Europe
Extension of Europe to Southwest Asia?
Turkish human rights record?

8. Turkey

9. Iran A country of mountains and deserts Nomadism
Central plateau
Vulnerability to earthquakes
Nomadism
Population of 72 million; 67% urbanized
Oil reserves providing 90% of national income
war with Iraq
Continued modern versus traditional conflict
Nuclear power?

10. Iran

11. Turkestan Former Soviet Republics: Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Afghanistan

12. Former Soviet Republics
Soviet attempts to stamp out Islam
Revival of Islam since Soviet Union fell
Kazakhstan
Largest
Most Russified—part of Soviet Union’s Eastern Frontier
Uzbekistan
Most populous state in region
Environmental problem with shrinking Aral Sea

13. Former Soviet Republics
Turkmenistan
Garagum (Kara Kum) canal project to bring water from mountains to east
Oil resources—but difficult to export
Kyrgystan
Irregular boundaries, with enclaves and exclaves
Mountainous topography
Tajikistan
Regional disunity

14. Afghanistan Buffer state Turbulent history Opium poppy crop
Mujahedeen fighting Soviet invasion
Taliban era
Failed state, terrorist base