1. ARCH 304
History of Architecture II
MODERNISM - Its initial movements
Sofia Sebastian

2. Robert Maillart Auguste Perret Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Swiss engineer
Exploit the plastic potential of concrete
Extremely expressive forms .
Salginatobel Bridge .
Auguste Perret
French architect
Used RCC
Walls are not load bearing
as he is using concrete framed structure
More light
Homes of Perret, Rue Franklin
-1923

3. Le Corbusier ( 1887-1965) Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Charles Edouard Jeanneret
Known for architectural mastery of form and light
Swiss based French architect .
Firmly understood Reinforced concrete
Dom-ino house (1914)
Mass produced housing – reducing the components to a minimum
Floor slabs, piers (columns) and stairs
Factory fabrication
Hence the result was a free plan, flexible wall distribution, free façade
prototype for most construction of housing .

4. Le Corbusier Citrohan House (1922)
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Le Corbusier .
Citrohan House (1922)
RCC
Raised off the ground by piers or pilotis
Garage and service rooms on the ground level
First floor – living, dining, maid’s room and kitchen
Second floor – master bed room overlooking the two storey living room
Third floor – children’s rooms and roof garden
Simple punched openings with industrial windows .

5. Le Corbusier Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Villa Savoye ( ), Poissy outside Paris
Weekend house
Followed the 5 Points Towards a New Architecture
Horizontal ribbon windows at the second floor level
Recessed pilotis
Unglazed ceramic tile flooring
Simple pipe rails
Skylights
Le Corbusier . .

6. Le Corbusier Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Five points Toward a New Architecture
The supports (pilotis) elevates the first floor off the ground
The flat roof ( roof garden) is used for gardening, play and relaxation
The interior walls is independent off the structure and is arranged in a free plan
The horizontal windows – more light
The façade is independent off the structure system – free design
Le Corbusier . .

7. Walter Gropius (1883-1969) Exploiting the potentials of concrete .
Combined Industrial production and artistic expression
Founded the Bauhaus – a new school of Design in Wiemar, Germany
Worked with Adolf Meyer – Fagus Shoe last factory (1911)
Fagus Shoe last factory (1911) .
Landmark in the history of modern architecture
Has elements that characterized the International Style
Glass curtain walls between expressive steel supports
Corner walls free of solid masonry
Simple rectangular massing with a flat roof

8. Bauhaus – House of Building
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Walter Gropius .
Bauhaus – House of Building
Integration of art with mechanized production
RC frame structure
4 major buildings arranged freely on the site – no front
Workshop wing – 4 storeys tall – largest mass – glass curtain wall – studio spaces for carpentry, dyeing, sculpture, weaving and wall painting along with exhibition and lecture spaces
Bridge – administrative offices
Low dining hall and auditorium
5 storey student dormitory with 28 rooms .

9. Bauhaus – House of Building
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Walter Gropius
Bauhaus – House of Building
Designed and executed all the interiors
Metal workshop – lighting fixtures and steel tubular furniture
Printing workshop for the graphics
Building was a total work of art
Industrial construction materials – concrete and glass without ornament and clear circulation
Geometric shapes and solids
Linear elements
Simplicity . .

10. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( )
Competition project 1919
Friedrichstrasse station – 20 storey skyscraper
Completely sheathed in glass
transparent skyscraper – Glass Tower
Not built
30 storey tower wrapped in glass
Highly irregular perimeter
2 circular elevator stair core
Exploit on the varying reflections
Highly faceted shimmering shaft
RCC slabs cantilevered to a thin edge at the outside wall .
Friedrichstrasse station .
Glass Tower

11. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Barcelona Pavilion
Celebrated architectural designs of the 20th century
After the exposition, the building was dismantled and sold at auction
Replica of the pavilion has been built on the original site
It contained no displays, except stainless steel tables, stools and chairs designed by Mies,
sculpture of a dancing girl carefully placed in a reflecting pool at one end of the building . .
Barcelona Chair – chrome plated steel with upholstery

12. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Barcelona Pavilion
Design is simple and sophisticated
Raised on a low podium
Pavilion was a one-storey jewel box
Most of the site was occupied by an exterior courtyard
dominated by large reflecting pool lined with black glass
separation between structure and enclosure
8 cruciform columns supporting a horizontal roof slab independent of the walls
Walls not aligned with the column grid
Columns – shiny, chromium plated steel
Walls – marble – deep shades of red and green
Floors – Roman travertine
Onyx and gray tinted glass . .

13. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Tugendhat House (1930), Brno Czech republic
2 storeys on a hilly site
Large glass walls . .

14. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Exploiting the potentials of concrete
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Tugendhat House (1930), Brno Czech republic
Regular grid of chromium steel cruciform columns supports the roof
Polished slabs of marble walls to define interior spaces in an open plan
Interior colour is subdued – natural colour of the finishing material
White linoleum floor . .