1. THE SLAVERY DEBATE
Growing Sectionalism

2. Warm-up
Pick up a John Brown Reading from the tall chair in front and begin reading the side with the pictures. Be sure to note any questions you have as you are reading 

3. THE SLAVERY DEBATE
After the war with Mexico and Manifest Destiny we have all this land…. Now what do we do with it?
Stirs up the “slavery debate”
Northern states wanted the new land to become free states
More industrial in nature
Wages for free workers in factories and trades
Slave labor makes wages low

4. THE SLAVERY DEBATE
Southern states wanted the new land to become slave states
Agriculture based on cash crops
Argue that farming is not profitable without slave labor
All done by hand, no machines (except cotton gin)
Cotton Gin – invented by Eli Whitney – made producing cotton a profitable business
Easily cleans seeds from fibers  took too long to do by hand
Cotton now becomes a cash crop

5. THE SLAVERY DEBATE
The idea is to keep a balance of free and slave states in the senate (equal representation) so one side can not pass laws limiting the other side
Free states with more representatives in congress could outlaw slavery (destroying the South's economy)
Slave states with more representatives in congress could expand slavery (destroying the North's economy)

6. Warm-up – 9/14/16
1. Advocates (not politicians necessarily) of Manifest Destiny claimed the following were motives/incentives EXCEPT:
achieve a political balance between North and South
secure new resources and markets for the United States
continue industrial movement and technologies West
ensure that no foreign powers gained territory in North America
2. “Bleeding Kansas” gained its reputation for violence because of the
U.S. Army’s vicious tactics while driving the Indians out of the territory
general lawlessness of cow towns like Dodge City and Abilene
actions of various bandit gangs that roamed the territory before the arrival of federal marshals
irregular warfare between settlers on opposing sides in the battle over the slavery issue

7. Warm-up con’t 3. The invention of the cotton gin led to the
all of the answers below
increase of the demand for slaves in the upland South
decline of slavery in the South
decline of cotton as an export
4. The chief objective of the “free soil” movement was to
provide cheap land to settlers on the frontier
keep slavery and blacks out of the federal territories out West
promote scientific farming to prevent topsoil erosion
abolish slavery everywhere in the United States

8. THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT
Abolition – an immediate end to slavery
Anti- slavery movements had been around since the Revolutionary War
Many African-Americans fought in the Revolutionary War  they deserve freedom
The declaration of independence  all men are created equal
Quakers and Baptists in the North and South preached against slavery
Sin that corrupts both slave and master
God freed the children of Israel who were slaves in Egypt

9. THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT
1816 – American Colonization Society
Encourages African Americans to return to Africa
Funded ships to relocate 12,000 – 20,000 blacks in Liberia
Most objected to relocation. Second and third generation slaves born in the US – the only home they know

10. THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
1832 and 1833 – American Anti-Slavery Society and the New England Anti-Slavery Society
Want immediate emancipation (freeing) of slaves
Made up of writers, newspaper owners, teachers, and women in the North AND South
William Lloyd Garrison – famous anti-slavery newspaper owner
Frederick Douglas – escaped slavery, great speaker, wrote an autobiography of his experiences, owned his own newspaper and met with President Lincoln

11. THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
The Northern “free” states accepted abolitionist ideas more willingly
Many northerners disapproved of abolition
Saw freeing slaves as a threat to the social hierarchy and system in the US
Feared a rush of newly freed slaves to the north that would compete for factory jobs and lower wages
Feared no slave labor to produce cotton would destroy the South's economy and impact the North's as well
Northern textile mills NEEDED cheap southern cotton to stay in business
Violence against abolitionists came from everywhere.

12. John Brown – a controversial figure
Henry David Thoreou (famous American author)
Proclaimed Brown’s “transcendent moral greatness”
Senator Andrew Johnson of Tennesee
Called Brown “nothing more than a murderer, a robber, a thief, and a traitor”

13. Nat turner African American preacher who believed his
mission on Earth was to free his people from slavery.
Led a slave rebellion on four Virginia plantations.
Appx. 60 whites were killed, and Turner was captured, tried, executed.
To stop the uprisings, white leaders passed new laws to limit the activities of slaves and to strengthen the institution of slavery.