1. Cameras and Lighting
Ms. Murphy

2. Tips for Lighting
Keep strongest light behind camera (at camera person’s back)
Reflectors redirect light
Silk or cloth can diffuse strong light

4. Tips for Lighting Artificial light works best
When artificial and natural light mix, the colors of the lights clash
Using natural light
Overcast days are best
Try not to tape someone in full sunlight

5. Key Light
Pointed directly at the subject and sets the stage for the rest of the lighting
Sometimes casts noticeable shadows, and may need to be balanced out by the other lights

6. Fill Light
Used to illuminate the background and wash away any overly harsh shadows that the key light produces
Both fill and back light are often provided by reflectors.

7. Back Light Adds definition to your subject by shining from the back
Depending on the intensity of this light, the effect can be subtle or dramatic

8. 3 Point Lighting
Three-point lighting setup

10. Good Lighting

11. Bad Lighting
Too Dark
Too Bright

12. Lighting Issues

13. Lighting Issues

14. Check Lighting
Use your hand…

15. Setting Quick Guide Sound (see audio slide) Gain: 0 Shutter Speed: 60
Iris: Auto
ND Filter: Off
Focus: Auto
White Balance (see slide)

16. Audio Settings Plug headphones into the side
Press silver button on back to check audio levels
Interviews
Plug external mic into Channel 1
Put camera mic in Channel 2
Setting on side “Mic ”
Channel 1 and Channel 2
Natural sound – Mic is in channel 1
Setting on side is “Mic”
No higher than 6

18. Push lock button down to “Hold” setting
To Change Settings
Put auto lock in middle
Change setting
Push lock button down to “Hold” setting

19. Set in middle to change settings Once set, move to the “Hold” position

20. Tips for Better Lighting
Use outside lights
Lamps, cell phone
Physically move
ND filter (on side) OFF
Slow shutter speed
Change Iris
Set to manual
Post production
Increase gain – LAST RESORT
Set at 0

21. White Balance

22. White Balance

23. Iris SETTING THE MANUAL EXPOSURE
Set the AUTO LOCK switch into the middle position
Press the IRIS button on the barrel of the lens - the letter F and a number will appear in the viewfinder/LCD.
You can now select the aperture size manually by using the silver IRIS dial.
Push lock button down to set
To return to AUTO mode just press the IRIS button again and then push lock button
If it’s set manually you will see the number in the bottom right and it won’t change
Expose using manual iris (or in Auto to start with until you get used to the camera). Zebras on 70% with the occasional flick to 100%.

24. Iris

26. Check Lighting Exposure

27. SHUTTER SPEED
Your shutter speed describes how long the camera's sensor records the image coming into the camera.  Just like in still cameras, how fast the shutter opens and closes when taking a picture. 
higher shutter speed allows for smoother shots of higher motion, but darkens shot
lower shutter speed results in jerkier shots of higher motion, but brightens shot
if you adjust your shutter speed, you'll most likely need to re-adjust iris setting in order to get back to the correct light levels 
Set the shutter manually to 50 (PAL) or 60(NTSC). Only use the shutter for effect

28. Shutter Speed = 60

29. GAIN
Gain amplifies the electrical signal being recorded by your camera's sensor.  Gain allows the shooter to enhance the picture in low light situations, which can be helpful in situations where you don't have any external lighting
The default setting on your camera should be set at 0DB.  Any number higher means that your gain is turned on.  A major disadvantage to using gain however, can cause your picture to be distorted, so use with caution!  
Gain helps in low light situations
Can lower image quality with distortions
Try to avoid using gain as much as possible

30. Gain = 0

31. Tape Speed 2 3 4 1

32. Cameras come with adaptors Plug in to an outlet Don’t need a battery
Power
Plug in all batteries
Cameras come with adaptors
Plug in to an outlet
Don’t need a battery

33. Small Black Camera Camera set on “Play”
Function  Menu Play/out Setup 2 should read:
AV/Phones: AV
Comp.Out: 1080i
DV Output: DV
Do not need external microphone

34. Practice
Go out and shoot something in the school practicing 3 point lighting.
You have 10 minutes.
Where was the main light source?
Was the subject clear or were shadows cast? Could there have been a way to fill in those shadows with any available light?
What did each student learn after reading the article, watching the videos, and practicing on their own?

35. Practice Create a shot sheet for these five locations:
WMT
Natural sounds
Classroom (fluorescent lights)
Inside school using windows (natural light from outside)
Indoor room with lamps
Outside on a sunny day
Outside on an overcast day

36. Name 3 ways to fix lighting What is one use of sound in a video?
Bell
Name 3 ways to fix lighting
What is one use of sound in a video?
Why is sequencing important?