1. Analysis of ENERGY SOURCES
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Understand True Potential of A Resource & Develop Eco-friendly Technologies…...

2. Machine Free Energy System : 21st Century Option
1839 Alexander Edmond Becquerel:
Nineteen-year-old Edmund Becquerel, a French experimental physicist, discovered the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes.
Observed that there was a light dependant voltage between two electrode immersed in an electrolyte.
1873: Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of selenium.
1941 First silicon based solar cell demonstrated
1954 Beginning of modern solar cell research.
1996: The U.S. Department of Energy announces the National Center for Photovoltaics, headquartered in Golden, Colorado.

3. Green Chill : Machine free Milk Chillers : 21st Century Option

4. Message for Development of New Ideas/Products…….

5. The Earth : A System to Create Usable Forms of Energy Sources
The flow of energy from a source to a sink through an intermediate system orders that system.
Morowitz [1992]

6. Sources of Energy Fossil resources Nuclear resources Solar resources
Wind resources
Hydro resources
Tidal resources
Wave resources
Geo-thermal resources
Bio-mass
Regenerative resources

8. Profile of Primary Energy Consumption in 21st Century
Main Sources of Energy in 21st Century:

9. Solar Energy Systems
Global installed capacity for solar-powered electricity has seen an exponential growth.
Reaching around 227 GWe at the end of 2015, producing 1% of all electricity used globally.
The total capacity for solar heating and cooling in operation in 2015 was estimated at 406 GWth.
Solar PV module prices have declined around 80% since 2007.
US$4/W in 2007 to ~ US$1.8/W in 2015.

10. Share Of Renewable Energy in Electricity Production

11. Cost of Electricity using Renewable Sources

12. The Role of COAL in 21st Century
Coal currently fuels 40% of the world’s electricity and is forecasted to continue to supply a strategic share over the next three decades.

13. The Share of Crude Oil in 21st Century
Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, accounting for 32.9% of total global energy consumption.

14. World Combustion CO2 Emissions

15. Theory of Coal Formation

16. A tree converts disorder to order with a little help from the Sun
The building materials are in a highly disordered state - gases, liquids and vapors.
The tree takes in carbon dioxide from the air, water from the earth as well as a small amount from water vapor in the air.
From this disordered beginning, it produces the highly ordered and highly constrained sugar molecules, like glucose.
The radiant energy from the Sun gets transferred to the bond energies of the carbons and the other atoms in the glucose molecule.
In addition to making the sugars, the plants also release oxygen which is essential for animal life.

17. Coal : First Kind of Entropy Vehicle

18. Oil & Gas : Entropy Vehicles – 2 & 3

19. Usage of Coal Vehicle

20. Usage of Gas Vehicle

21. Utilization of Chemical Energy : Calorific Value Matter
Creation of Disorder for better living ?!?!!?
As Food (ADP to ATP)
As a Medicine
As Fuel
Direct combustion
Production of Fuels
Direct Electric Energy

22. First Law Analysis of Photosynthesis : SSSF
m CO2
m water
m vegetation Q W
m Oxygen
Conservation of Mass:
First Laws for furnace in SSSF Mode:

23. First Law Analysis of Photosynthesis : SSSF
m CO2
m water
m vegetation Q W
m Oxygen
The Global Reaction Equation:
Conservation of Mass:
First Laws for furnace in SSSF Mode: