1. Part I – Setting the stage
Age of Imperialism,
Part I – Setting the stage
AP World History

2. Imperialism
The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

3. Phases of Imperialism When Countries Involved Causes Consequences
Old Imperialism
When
Countries Involved
England, France, Holland, Portugal and Spain
Causes
Gold God Glory
Mercantilism
Consequences
Columbian exchange
Wars over empires
Slave Trade
Native populations devastated.

4. Interlude Late 1700s – Late 1800s
During this period very little imperialism was going on
What world events were occurring that may have hindered Imperialism
American Revolution, French Revolution, Napoleonic wars, Latin American Wars for Independence, Industrial Revolution, Nationalist Revolutions.

5. Phases of Imperialism When Countries Involved Where? Resistance
New Imperialism
When
Countries Involved
England, France, Portugal, Spain
New “Players” – Germany, Italy, Belgium, US and Japan
Where?
Focus on Asia and Africa
Resistance
Natives are not decimated by disease – Conflict between Natives and colonists increase

6. Motives
Need for raw materials and markets due to the Industrial Revolution
Especially now that it had spread all over Europe – led to competition between industrial nations
Exploitation of cheap labor
Opportunities for investment (mines, railways, factories, etc.)
Nationalism
Desire for one’s country to get ahead in the domination of Africa and Asia and assert their political power
Social Darwinism
Christianize, Westernize, Civilize
“White Man’s Burden” – Kipling
Spread benefits of modern civilization (medicine, technology, law, sanitation, etc.)

7. Motives of New Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia
Latin America

8. Causes of New Imperialism
Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods
The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness
Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another
Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

9. Causes of New Imperialism
Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
Need to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
Need to civilize and “westernize” others

10. What Enabled Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority (including the machine gun (Maxim Gun))
Improvements in transportation and communication to and within Asian and African colonies (Steam engines, Railroads, telegraph)
Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
African Unity
African unity was difficult because of the many different languages and cultures.
Europeans used African rivalries to their advantage. Exception – Battle at Isandhlwana: Well organized Zulu forces defeat the British

11. How were Europeans able to colonize so many people?
Not only is the technology better, but the technology can be quickly and efficiently produced in mass quantities, as the result of industrialization.

12. During the 19th century, European countries (and eventually the U. S
During the 19th century, European countries (and eventually the U.S. and Japan) practiced many types of imperialism, but when they chose to set up colonies, they used two different models – compared below.
Types of colonies
Settlement colonies
Canada (& U.S. pre-revolution)
Australia & New Zealand
South Africa, Algeria, & Kenya
Hawaii
Destinations for European settlers
Many European settlers; some had few natives, other had equal numbers of natives
Dual goals: settlement and exploitation of natural resources
Tropical Dependencies
Africa
Asia
South Pacific
Areas generally less appealing to European settlers
Natives made up most of the population
Main goal = exploitation of natural resources

13. Imperialism in 1914

14. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

15. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
INDIRECT CONTROL
Examples
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
British India
British West Africa
British South Africa
American imperialism in the Philippines and Latin America

16. Forms of Imperialism Types of Management
DIRECT CONTROL
Examples
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights
French Algeria
French West Africa
French Indochina
Belgian Congo
German Southwest Africa

17. Effects of Imperialism
On Colonizers
Raw Materials
Markets
Power
Spread Western Culture
Christianity
Cultural influences
Competition = conflict
New Global Economy
On Colonies
Education
Technology
Medical Care
Infrastructure
Loss of Culture
Famine
Focus: cash crops
Loss of raw materials
Tribalism
Eventually nationalism

18. Economic Impact on Colonies
Colonial rule affected the lives of its subject people in many ways, but the most pronounced change was in their ways of working. To various degrees, old ways of working were eroded almost everywhere in the colonial world.
Subsistence farming, in which peasant families produced largely for their own needs, diminished as growing numbers directed at least some of their energies to working for wages or selling what they produced for a cash income.
As in Europe, artisans suffered greatly when cheaper machine- manufactured merchandise displaced their own handmade goods.
A flood of inexpensive textiles from Britain’s new factories ruined the livelihood of tens of thousands of India’s handloom weavers.
Furthermore, Asian and African merchants were squeezed out by well- financed European commercial firms.

19. Eventually…
Contradictions between what Europeans preached at home (remember all those Enlightenment ideas?) and what they practiced in the colonies became increasingly apparent.
This will play a major role in undermining the foundations of colonial rule in the twentieth century.