1. The Holocaust

2. The Holocaust ( )
Of the 60 million World War II deaths, 11 million people died in German death camps including 3.5 million Russians, and 6 million Jews (2/3rds of all European Jews)
The word Holocaust was given to the killing of the 6 million Jews because it was a war of extermination designed to wipe out an entire group of people.
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
Systematic genocide

3. Holocaust Chronology
Jan 30, Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000.
March 22, Nazis open Dachau concentration camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhausen near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbrück for women.
April 1, Nazis stage boycott of Jewish shops and businesses.
April 11, Nazis issue a decree defining a non-Aryan as "anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. One parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryan...especially if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith."

5. Holocaust Chronology
July 14, Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany; Also, Nazis pass Law to strip Jewish immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship.
July Nazis pass law allowing for forced sterilization of those found by a Hereditary Health Court to have genetic defects.
Nov 24, Nazis pass a Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals, which allows beggars, the homeless, alcoholics and the unemployed to be sent to concentration camps.
Sept 15, Nuremberg Race Laws against Jews decreed.

6. Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935
Deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich.
The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans.
The Nuremberg Laws had the unexpected result of causing confusion and heated debate over who was a "full Jew."
The Nazis settled on defining a "full Jew" as a person with three Jewish grandparents. Those with less were designated as Mischlinge.
After the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, a dozen supplemental Nazi decrees were issued that eventually outlawed the Jews completely, depriving them of their rights as human beings.

7. The white figures represent Aryans; the black figures represent Jews; and the shaded figures represent Mischlinge.

8. Holocaust Chronology
July 23, Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for identity cards from the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer.
May The St. Louis, a ship crowded with 930 Jewish refugees, is turned away by Cuba, the United States and other countries and returns to Europe.
Sept 1, Nazis invade Poland (Jewish pop million, the largest in Europe).
Oct Nazis begin euthanasia on sick and disabled in Germany.
March 7, German Jews ordered into forced labor.
Oct 5, Himmler orders all Jews in concentration camps in Germany to be sent to Auschwitz and Majdanek.

9. Holocaust Chronology
Jan 27, Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz. By this time, an estimated 2,000,000 persons, including 1,500,000 Jews, have been murdered there.
April 29, U.S. 7th Army liberates Dachau.

10. The Holocaust ( )
There have been many massacres during the course of world history. And the Nazis murdered many non-Jews in concentration camps.
What is unique about Hitler’s “Final Solution of the Jewish Problem,” was the Nazi’s determination to murder without exception every single Jew who came within grasp, and the fanaticism, ingenuity, and cruelty with which they pursued their goal.

11. A Jewish man wearing the yellow star walks along a street in Germany.

12. One of the most famous photos taken during the Holocaust shows Jewish families arrested by Nazis during the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, and sent to be gassed at Treblinka extermination camp.

13. A view of Majdanek, which served as a concentration camp and also as a killing center for Jews.

14. Life in a Concentration Camp
A prisoner in Dachau is forced to stand without moving for endless hours as a punishment. He is wearing a triangle patch identification on his chest.
A chart of prisoner triangle identification markings used in Nazi concentration camps which allowed the guards to easily see which type of prisoner any individual was.

15. At Belzec death camp, SS Guards stand in formation outside the kommandant's house.

16. The angel of death Josef Mengele was born March 19, Gunzberg, Germany
In 1926, when he was just 15, Mengele suffered from a disease called osteomyelitis
This made him curious to explore and experiment the human body.

17. Curiosity Hitler and the Nazi’s were obsessed with purity.
Mengele began experimenting on twins, dwarfs, giants, and other biological anomalies
He was responsible for making the selections at the women’s camp in order to find human Guinea pigs

18. Auschwitz
Mengele was first assigned to the death camp Auschwitz on May 30, 1943.
His nickname quickly became “the Angel of Death” because with a flick of his cane he chose who lived or died

19. Experiments
Mengele was mostly fascinated by twins and seeing their reactions to each other.
These children were often given special treatment and called “Mengele’s kids” and they referred to him as “Uncle Mengele”
He performed blood transfusions from one twin to another, the removal of organs and limbs and even sex change operations

21. More Experiments
Mengele gathered 14 sets of gypsy twins for experiments.
The gypsies had chloroform injected into their hearts and died instantly.
Once even two gypsy children were sewn together to try to make Siamese twins

23. Nazis sift through the enormous pile of clothing left behind by the victims of a massacre. (1941)

24. Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

25. Survivors in Mauthausen open one of the crematoria ovens for American troops who are inspecting the camp.

26. A warehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the prisoners and deportees gassed upon their arrival. The Nazis shipped these goods to Germany.

27. A mass grave in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

28. Young survivors behind a barbed wire fence in Buchenwald.