1. Welcome to Contemporary Health Issues

2. CHAPTER 1 – DYNAMICS OF PERSONAL HEALTH
Chapter 1 Objectives:
Identify the difference between Health and Wellness
Describe the dimensions of Health and Wellness
Identify the factors contributing to making positive change
Identify uncontrollable risk factors for Health and Wellness
Identify controllable risk factors Health and Wellness

3. Definition of Health Health – Being of sound in body, mind and spirit
World Health Organization (WHO) – Being in a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Evaluating one’s health by comparing to other individuals with similar demographics.
Identifying risk factors that are controllable (lifestyle choices) versus uncontrollable (genetics).

4. Definition of Wellness
Wellness – Making decisions that either positively or negatively affect how we live life.
Wellness plays an important part in influencing risk factors we can control.
John Travis MD – “The “well” person is not necessarily the strong, the brave, the successful, the young, the whole or even the illness free being”.
John Travis MD – “No matter what your current state of health, you can begin to appreciate yourself as a growing, changing person and allow yourself to move toward a happier life and positive health

5. Iceberg Model of Wellness

6. Iceberg Model of Wellness (cont.)
Like the structure of an iceberg, wellness and illness is what is seen; whereas other facets of wellness including lifestyle, culture, spirit, motivation, etc. must be explored below the surface

7. Dimensions of Contemporary Health
The six dimensions that directly influence are:
Physical Health
Emotional Health
Spiritual Health
Social Health
Psychological / Intellectual Health
Environmental Health
These dimensions are interdependent; meaning success or failure in one dimension may directly affect success or failure in another dimension.

8. 6 Dimensions of Health and Wellness

9. Physical Health
Physical health is defined as a person’s physical wellbeing, sharpness of his or her senses, the functioning of his or her body, and the presence or absence of disease or infirmity.

10. Emotional Health
Emotional health is defined as person’s emotional well-being relative to controlling emotions, and feeling good about one’s self in all settings.

11. Social Health
Social health is defined as one’s ability to relate to other people in all settings. The settings include, but are not limited to one’s family, intimate partners, friends, fellow students or workers, professors and supervisors.

12. Spiritual Health
Spiritual health is defined as one’s connection with a higher order or purpose beyond one’s self.

13. Intellectual or Psychological Health
Intellectual health is defined as one’s ability to use intellectual resources to make decisions, overcome challenges, pursue goals, develop values, and evaluate experiences.

14. Environmental Health
Environmental health is defined as the relationship of human behavior and their environment.

15. Factors Contributing to Making a Change
Predisposing Factors
Enabling Factors
Reinforcing Factors

16. Predisposing Factors
Predisposing Factors are considered as beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, expectancies and values.

17. Enabling Factors
Enabling factors are defined as one’s skills or abilities, physical and mental capabilities, and the availability and accessibility of resources.

18. Reinforcing Factors
Reinforcing factors are defined as reinforcement from social support or self-concept that influence either healthy or unhealthy behaviors.

19. Uncontrollable Risk Factors for Health and Wellness
Ethnicity
Gender
Socioeconomic Status
Family Health History

20. Ethnicity
Ethnicity is defined as the heritage, nationality group, lineage or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival to the United States.

21. Ethnic Groups Today in the United States
African Americans
Hispanics (Latinos)
Asian Americans
American Indians and Alaska Natives
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Americans
White (European)

22. Ethnic Groups in the United States
African Americans
Life Expectancy = 74.6 years
Leading Health Concerns = Obesity, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Stroke and Asthma
African American Males Resent Concern = Increase case or incidence of Prostate Cancer.

23. Hispanic Americans Hispanic (Latinos) Life Expectancy = 82.8 years
Leading Health Concerns = Heart Disease, Cancer, Unintentional Injuries, Stroke and Diabetes
Disparities
Puerto Ricans have a high incident of lower birth weights, higher cases of asthma, HIV/AIDS, and infant mortality.
Mexicans have higher rates of diabetes.

24. Asian Americans Asian Americans Life Expectancy = 86.5 years
Health Concerns = Highest rates of liver and stomach cancers in the United States
Highest rate of Hepatitis B cases in the United States
Highest rate of tuberculosis cases in the United States

25. American Indians and Alaskan Natives
American Indians and Alaska Natives
Life Expectancy = 76.9
Health Concern = Heart Disease, Cancer, Unintentional Injuries, Diabetes, and Stroke.
High incident of mental health and suicide, obesity, substance abuse, sudden infant death syndrome, teenage pregnancy and liver disease and hepatitis.

26. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Americans
Life Expectancy = 68.3 years
Health Concerns = Cancer, Heart Disease, Unintentional Injuries, Stroke and Diabetes.
Higher rates of smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity.

27. White Americans White Life Expectancy = 79.12 years
Health Concerns = Heart Disease, Cancer, Lung Disease, Unintentional Accidents, Stroke, Alzheimer’s and Diabetes.
White Women are suffering from a life expectancy decline of one month because of an increase in unintentional injuries, suicide and chronic liver disease (CDC – April 20,2016).

28. Gender Females Life Expectancy = 81.3 years
Health Concerns = Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Heart disease after menopause, unintentional injuries.
Males
Life Expectancy = 76.3 years
Health Concerns = Prostate cancer, Lung cancer, Heart disease after 18 until death.
Note: Gender within ethnicity has various life expectancy as well as health concerns – Where are you?

29. Socioeconomic Status
Economically disadvantaged individuals usually receive no health care or limited health care.
Limited treatment options.
Limited medical intervention (prescription and OTC drugs)
Medicaid, Non-profit Medical Intervention, and Medicare.

30. Family Health History
Recognizing one’s family health history is a key component for identifying health concerns that are not controllable.
Popular Health Concerns
Heart Disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Sickle Cell, Tay Sach’s, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc.