1. Unit 9 - The Civil War

2. North and South (1861-1865) Economies Shift Societies Change
Life During the War Focus: How did the Civil War bring temporary and lasting changes to American society?
North and South ( )
Economies Shift
Societies Change
North moves ahead
modernization
South “left behind”
Physical & social damage

3. Life During the War Civil War: North Northern Industry
Textiles in the North
Hurt by the loss of Southern cotton
Other Industry Booms:
Clothing, Arms, Supplies

4. Life During the War Civil War: North Economy & Taxes
Needed help paying for the war
Union Government
Introduces Income Tax
3% - all income over $800.00
As war continued tax increases
Union raised tariffs
Raised price of foreign goods
Help Northern goods – raise price of imported goods

5. Life During the War Civil War: North Helping the Economy: Bonds
Certificate of purchase
Worth more at a later date
Loaning the government money
Union sells billions
Citizens encouraged to buy
patriotic

6. Life During the War Civil War: North To increase money in circulation
Allow bonds to be bought
Legal Tender Act 1862
Treasurer issued paper money
Paper - “greenbacks”
Single common currency

7. Life During the War Civil War: North Westward Expansion
Homestead Act (1862)
Union offered western land cheap
To be farmed
Pacific Railroad Act
Settle railroad issues
Allowed companies to build railways
Through Union territory

8. Life During the War Civil War: North 1863: Conscription White males
The draft
Meet troop demand
White males
20-45
Could pay $300.00, to be replaced
So laborers and immigrants had to serve
Usually earned only $2.00 per day

9. Life During the War Civil War: North The Draft Causes problems:
Workers mad
Couldn’t buy their way out
Fearful of losing jobs to African Americans
Rioted
New York Draft Riot of July 1863
Poor white men
4 days
Destroy factories, attack African Americans

10. Life During the War Civil War: North Civil Unrest Along with draft
Many people were against the war
Called for it to end
“Peace Democrats”
Called Copperheads
Named for southern poisonous snake
Demanded an end to the war
Generally peaceful, just wanted a stop to fighting

11. Life During the War Civil War: North Lincoln Suspended Habeas Corpus
viewed opposition as a threat to the nation
Suspended Habeas Corpus
Can’t be held without charge…can now
Detained those who were suspected of disloyalty to the Union
Those arrested
Suspected of:
Criticizing the President
Causing draft riots

12. Great Economic Demands
Life During the War
Civil War: South
Great Economic Demands
War is expensive
Creates strain on economy
Lack resources to meet demands
Blockade
By % of ports blocked
Independent – own farms
Tough to travel
Tough to move goods

13. Jefferson Davis (President)
Life During the War
Civil War: South
Jefferson Davis (President)
Limited in options for money
South's economic prosperity
Depended on raw goods:
Cotton, tobacco, sugar
War reduces value of items
Couldn’t take them northward

14. Life During the War Civil War: South To ease the strain: Southerners:
Seized Union goods
(even from bodies)
Shoes, shirts, weapons
Several cities built ironworks
Blockade runners
Taxes and duties on imports
Tough to collect and enforce

15. Life During the War Civil War: South Money
South also produces paper money
Value doubted
Great inflation
Prices soar
Inflation combined with a food shortage
Lead to riots

16. Life During the War Civil War: South Southern Leaders
Couldn’t get along
States generally looked out for themselves
Serve only commanders from their state
Won’t serve outside state borders
Became increasingly tough to unify

17. Life During the War Life of Soldiers 50% of men in the Union served
80% of men in the Confederacy served

18. Life During the War Life of Soldiers Travel
Many soldiers travel for the first time
Men from same town enlisted together
Forming units
Families, especially in Border States
Brothers and relatives fighting for opposite sides

19. Life During the War Life of Soldiers Death: Powerful new weapons
Large wounds
Amputation
Infection
Poor conditions, poor water
Infection and disease
Kill two times as many soldiers as the battles
Prison Camps & Captives:
African Americans killed right away
Camps over crowded
Lack of food, starvation

20. Life During the War Women and the War New Work Men fighting
Women went to work
Open the door to closed professions
Many took over businesses, farms, plantations

21. Life During the War Women and the War New Jobs: Teaching
After war, most teachers were women
Few in battle
Some women joined camps to cook and clean
African American Women
Serve as guides and spies (in South)

22. Life During the War Women and the War Most notable role Starts slow
Nurses
Starts slow
Small groups of women organize
Clara Barton
Collects supplies
Travels with troops
Founds Red Cross
Lincoln
United State Sanitary Commission
Authorized women to oversee hospitals
Sanitation
Federal responsibility for public health