1. Digestive and Excretory systems
SC.6.L.14.5 identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body and describe ways these system interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

2. Essential unit Questions
How do the digestive and excretory systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
What is the pathway in which food is processed as it moves through the human body

3. Organs of the Digestive system
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
bacteria

4. The Digestive System What does the digestive system do?
How do the parts of the digestive system work together?
How does the digestive system interact with other systems?

5. Functions of the digestive system
Ingestion 1
Digestion 2
Absorption 3
elimination 4

6. Ingestion- why do we taking in food
Energy- every function of your body requires energy. Sleeping, walking, thinking, breathing are examples of ways our bodies use energy.
Nutrients- substances that provide energy and materials for cell development growth, and repair.
We get most of the nutrients we need from food.

7. Nutrients
Proteins-
Carbohydrate
Fats
Vitamins
minerals

8. Proteins- large molecule that:
PROTIENS
Proteins- large molecule that:
Made from amino acids
Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
Relay signals between cells
Protect against disease
Provides support to cells
We have 20 different amino that combine in different ways to make many different proteins
Cells make most of these amino acids but some must come from food and supplemnets.

9. Carbohydrates- our bodies major source of energy.
Good carbohydrates
Bad carbohydrates
Fruit
Vegetables
Whole grain foods
Breads
Pasta
Sugar- candy
High fructose corn syrup

10. Fats- also called lipids
Functions
Good fats
Bad fats
-provide energy
Helps body absorb vitamins
Builds cell membranes
Insulates body from cold
Should only be percent of the Calories you consume
Unsaturated fats
Nuts
Avocados
Fish
Olive oil
Flax seed
Saturated fats
Increase cholesterol
Fats from animal products
Butter
Lunch meat
Dairy
Red meat
Poultry and skin

11. Vitamins, Minerals and water
Inorganic nutrients ( do not contain carbon)
Regulate many chemical reactions.
Nutrients needed in small quantity
For growth
regulating body functions
Preventing disease
Your body is mostly water
Water is necessary in every part of your body for most chemical reactions.
Water is lost though sweat, cellular respiration, urination and breathing.
If not replaced symptoms of dehydration will begin to show:
Thirst, headache, muscle craps dizziness , weakness and reduced urine output.

12. Digestion Two types of digestion Just like two types of weathering:
Mechanical and chemical
Two types of digestion
Mechanical-physically chewing food begins to break down food into smaller pieces which increases the speed of chemical digestion
Chemical- chemical reaction as that break down molecules using enzymes.

13. Enzymes – proteins that help break down larger molecules into smaller molecules
Functions
Specialized enzymes
Break down large molecules into smaller molecules so they can be more easily taken in by cells.
Speed up reactions
Cause reaction
Made in the digestive system
Amylase- breaks down carbohydrates
Lipase- breaks down fats
Pepsin and papain- break down proteins

14. Organs of Digestive System
Mouth-
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Bacteria (considered an organ)

15. MOUTH
Saliva- Chemical digestion starts The very thought of food causes your mouth to begin producing saliva. At least one liter a day
Contains amylase (enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates)
Contains substances that neutralize acids in foods.
Slippery texture allows food to slide down throat more easily.
Tongue and teeth- work together to begin the process of mechanical digestion by chewing and moving food around the mouth

16. ESPHAGUS A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Food moved by muscle contractions called peristalsis
Like squeezing a tube of tooth paste..

17. STOMACH Large hollow organ
Temporarily stores food- to allow time between meals
And adult stomach can hold about 2 liters
Aids in chemical digestion- produces enzymes and gastric juice
Gastric juices produces stomach acid that Breaks down cell structures of plants and animals.
As food combines with gastric juices it creates a thin water liquid called chyme

18. SMALL INTESTINE Most chemical digestion takes place here
Most nutrients are absorbed here
Long tube that connects to the stomach
About 7 meters longs
About 2.5 cm in diameter(hence, small intestine)
The folds are covered with finger-like projections called villi
Each villi has small capillaries that allow diffusion of nutrients from the intestine to the blood.
Pancreas and liver make substances that are delivered to the small intestine to help with digestion.

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20. LARGE INTESTINE Food that is not digested (waste) by the
small intestine move into the large intestine.
Larger diameter -about 5 cm-
Water that has not been absorbed
by the small intestine will be absorbed here by the large intestine.
The food that has not be digested by now is waste.
As undigested food moves through the large intestine more and more water is removed and the waste becomes more solid.
Muscle contractions move the waste through the large intestine into the last section of the large intestine that is called the rectum

21. elimination
Muscles in the rectum and anus continue to contract until the semi solid waste- now called feces (poop) is removed from your body.

22. BACTERIA
While some bacteria is harmful , there are many types of bacteria that are helpful.
In our intestines there billions of healthy bacteria that are necessary for our digestion
Some good bacteria even produces necessary vitamins

23. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND HOMEOSTASIS
Blood absorbs nutrients
Muscle contract in the intestines to .move food through the system

24. You should be able to: Use nutrients in a sentence
Explain the difference between chemical and physical digestion
Identify which nutrient is a major source of energy for our body
Examine why it is important to consume vitamins.
Identify which nutrient helps the body absorb vitamins
Give examples signs of dehydration
List 6 groups of nutrients and state one fact for each
Plan a meal that contains food from each of the six food groups
Identify which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients.
Explain how is waste eliminated.
Explain the role of bacteria in digestion
Explain the role of different enzymes
Identify and explain the types of digestion that take place in the mouth.