1. Enlightenment and Revolution 1700s
Blue Book Ch 22

2. Enlightenment

3. Enlightenment
After the Scientific Revolution people began to question old ideas
Scholars turned to reason and thought to study concepts such as religion, economics, and education
This time period was known in Europe as the Enlightenment

4. Consent of the governed
Government
Right to Govern
Old Idea:
Divine Right
New Idea:
Consent of the governed

5. Thomas Hobbes Vs. John Locke
We will have a debate between the ideals and values of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
Each of these men proposed a theory on how society should be governed
Students will debate that either Locke or Hobbes was more correct on governance

6. Primary Source Readings
Hobbes – Excerpts from Leviathan
Locke – Second Treatise on Civil Government
While you read the primary source record the following
What does your author say about
… human nature?
… the purpose of government?
… rights?

7. Debate You will present a 1:30 argument
You will debate with a partner against another two students
Include an introduction
Argument with several pieces of evidence and support (cite the document)
A conclusion
After both sides have presented you will have 1:00 to refute your opponents argument
Why is your opponent wrong?
How does your evidence prove this?

9. Thomas Hobbes and the nature of society (all men are brutish)
Thomas Hobbes and the nature of society (all men are brutish). Idea that men must forfeit some personal freedoms for the benefit of having a strong ruler who maintains a peaceful and orderly society.
John Locke – Blank slate theory, natural rights and the idea that man has the right to overthrow a ruler who does not protect those rights.
Voltaire – tolerance; freedom of speech and religion.
Montesquieu – separation of government, checks and balances.
Rousseau – Noble Savage, ideas on education, social contract, the General Will.
Adam Smith – capitalism, the invisible hand
Mary Wollstonecraft – women’s rights
Cesare Becarria – opposed the use of torture

10. Song Activity
You will be listening to modern pop songs and interpreting the lyrics from the perspective of the enlightenment
After you listen to each song work with your group to explain how the lyrics relate to one of the enlightenment thinkers
What is the name of the song?
What is the name of the artist?
Which philosophe(s) applies to this song?
Why (what lyrics support this?)

11. Song List Respect – Aretha Franklin Freedom – Aretha Franklin
Mean – Taylor Swift
Born Free – Andy Williams
Bad to the Bone – ZZ Top
Revolution – The Beatles
Imagine – John Lennon
You Can’t Always Get What You Want – The Rolling Stones
We Don’t Need No Education – Pink Floyd
Brave – Sara Barailles
Waiting on the World to Change – John Mayer

12. Pick a song that was not on the list
What is the name of the song and who is the artist?
How does this song relate to an enlightenment philosopher?
Use lyrics

13. Preamble to Declaration of Independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

14. Which philosophes’ ideas are present in the Declaration of Independence?
The Constitution?

15. Hobbes Vs. Locke Thomas Hobbes John Locke
Believed people were inherently selfish
They need strong government and order to keep them in line
Favors absolute monarchs
John Locke
People could learn from experience and improve
Favored self government
Against absolute monarchy

16. Locke All people are born entitled to three things Life Liberty
Property

17. French Philosophes
Paris became the center of philosophical thought in the 1700s
Meetings of philosophes were held in Salons throughout Europe
Voltaire – Satirical writer fighting for reason, freedom of thought, and religious freedom

18. Montesquieu
Believed government power should be separated like in Britain so no one side could dominate
Legislative and Executive branch
Separation of Powers

19. Rousseau Believed in individual freedom
“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”
The only good government is one from the people
Legitimate power comes from the consent of the governed

20. Women’s Rights
Most enlightenment thinkers still believed women were inferior to men
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women should be given equal access to education as men

21. Denis Diderot
Diderot composed a collection of Enlightenment writings in the “Encyclopedia”
These works challenged traditional authority and beliefs
This work angered the Catholic Church and French King who censored it

22. Enlightened Despotism
Some rulers accepted Enlightenment ideas and were called enlightened despots
Frederick the Great of Prussia
“First servant of the state”
Granted religious freedom
Abolished torture
Improved education
Joseph II of Austria
Son of Maria Teresa
Abolished serfdom
Freedom of religion
Reforms were undone after his death

24. American Revolution
Sec 4

25. American Colonies
During the 17th and 18th centuries Britain’s American colonies were growing rapidly
The population increased from 250,000 in 1700 to 2,150,000 in 1770

26. French and Indian War
When the Seven Years War broke out in Europe fighting carried over in the colonies 1754
The French and Indians fought against the British and British colonies
Britain won the war and France gave up territory in N. America

27. The war proved very costly to Great Britain
Since the war had benefited the colonists they should have to pay for it
Stamp Act (1765) – Colonists pay a tax on all documents, newspapers, letters, wills, etc…
The colonists were outraged

28. Boston Tea Party Over the next decade anger rose
Some colonists wanted to break away from England
England wanted to reassert it’s dominance over the colonies
Passed a tax on tea
The colonists dressed as Indians and destroyed a ship worth of tea by dumping it in Boston harbor

29. The British responded by closing Boston harbor
The colonies organize a Continental Congress and protest the treatment of Boston
Moderate colonists then supported a break from Britain
In 1775 colonial militia engaged British troops sparking war

30. Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson drafts a document declaring colonial independence 1776
The document was based on the Enlightenment ideas of the philosophes

31. Preamble to Declaration of Independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

32. War The Americans won for a few reasons
They cared about what they were fighting for
British generals made mistakes
The war was expensive for Great Britain
France joined the war to hurt the British
After a few years the British conceded colonial independence

33. New Government The United States created a new type of government
Articles of Confederation – Made a weak national government to prevent tyranny
The Articles proved to be too weak and the states ratified a new constitution in 1787
Created a separation of powers
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing personnel liberties and rights

34. Power comes from the People
Locke
Separation of powers
Montesquieu
Direct Democracy
Rousseau
Free Speech
Free Religion
Voltaire