1. Unit 11 Wildlife Management
Determine the relationship between wildlife and the environment and approved practices in managing wildlife enterprises.
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2. Introduction
Wildlife: animals adapted to living in a natural environment without the help of humans
Human activities: resulting in damaged or destroyed habitat
Many species require management
Some success with habitat restoration efforts

3. Characteristics of Wildlife
Vertebrate (backbone) animals
Many human qualities
Growth processes
Laws of heredity
General cell structure

4. Characteristics of Wildlife (cont’d.)
Overpopulation
Disease outbreaks, starvation, and waste disposal problems
Wildness
Survivability
Adaptability to food and environment
Other natural population control
Defending territories
Slowed reproduction rate

5. Wildlife Relationships
Parasitism: one organism feeds on another but does not kill it
Mutualism: two animals live together to mutual benefit
Predation: one animal eats another

6. Wildlife Relationships (cont’d.)
Commensalism: a plant or an animal lives in, on, or with another, sharing food but causing no harm
Competition: different species of wildlife compete for the same food supply, cover, or nesting or breeding sites

7. Relationships between Humans and Wildlife
Types
Biological
Ecological
Economic
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8. Relationships between Humans and Wildlife (cont’d.)
Positive values
Commercial
Recreational
Biological
Aesthetic
Scientific
Social
Changed b in between to lowercase

9. Hot Topics in Agriscience
Supplemental feeding of wildlife
Controversial practice
Balancing act: keeping wildlife wild and keeping wildlife alive
Factors to consider: animals’ threat to private property or public safety; population recovery prospects; and impact on later food supplies

10. Classifications of Wildlife Management
Farm
Forest
Wetlands
Stream
Lakes and ponds
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11. Science Connection Population dynamics
Population: group of individuals of a species that lives in a specific area
“Dynamics”: factors that cause changes in a population
Affect animal behavior and the number of animals in a population
Biologists’ studies: predict what changes may take place within a population over time
Factors: number of births and deaths, movement, predation, disease, competition for resources, etc.
Changed live to “lives”; changed Affects to Affect; deleted “and” preceding “competition”

12. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management
Farm wildlife
Usually by-product of farming or ranching: often little attention until crop damage, financial loss
Wildlife proponents: plant food plots
Much of the management: providing suitable habitat for living, growth, and reproduction
Importance of timing of farming operation
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13. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Farming
Hunting has little impact on spring populations
Hunting preserves’ wildlife management practices: differ drastically
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14. Hot Topics in Agriscience
Environmental cleanup–BioTiger™
Microbes that break down oil-based materials to carbon dioxide and other harmless products
Cleanup applications for oil spills: from ships and tanker trucks; on driveways, in contaminated soil, etc.

15. Agri-Profile Career areas: Wildlife biologist/manager/officer
Wildlife biologists: work with fish and game species living in habitats such as land, freshwater streams, etc.; Masters- or Doctorate-level biology degrees
Wildlife managers: Associate- or Bachelor-level degrees; work in government agencies, advising land owners and managing game populations on public lands
Moved Wildlife biologist Up to follow Career areas, initial capped Wildlife; changed Master to Masters; hyphenated Masters-, Doctorate-level, Associate-, Bachelor-level

16. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Forest wildlife
Factors impacting numbers and types: forest trees’ types/ages, tree density, natural forest openings, forest floor vegetation types, and natural predators
Practices geared toward establishing and maintaining desired species
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17. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Forest wildlife
Steps in management plan:
Take a wildlife inventory
Develop forest use goals
Determine carrying capacity and habitat management
Requirements: food, water, and cover
Overpopulation: natural losses or heavier hunting recommended
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18. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Wetlands wildlife
Wetlands: critical land type; provide food, nesting sites, and cover
Types of practices: impounding water; managing plant life; establishing surrounding grassy areas; providing artificial nesting sites; and raising species in captivity
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19. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Stream wildlife
General categories: warm water and cold water
Basic management plans’ principles
Most target fish
Must manage streams properly
Maintain desired species
Balance species with food supply
Important related practices: effective erosion control; stream-side forestation maintenance
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20. Approved Practices in Wildlife Management (cont’d.)
Lake and pond wildlife
Practices similar to those for stream wildlife
Pollution control
Manage and maintain desired species
Harvest and use to ensure future
Unique qualities
Water oxygen levels sometimes critical (summer)
More variable water temperatures
Contained water
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21. Science Profile Alaskan adventure
Experiences of an FFA member following high school graduation
Kenai Lake Work Center volunteer
Scientific observations and data collection: studied moose, mountain sheep, etc.

22. The Future of Wildlife in the United States
Uncertain due to competition with humans
Promising events
Careful management practices: balance wildlife/human needs
Refining management practices: supported by scientific findings
Reducing pollution and cleanup efforts
Studying impact prior to new construction
Placing more emphasis on resources management
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23. Science Connection Lead poisoning in waterfowl
Shotgun shells with lead shot
Problem eliminated: replaced lead shot with steel shot