1. PA-28R-201 Systems
Andy Philbin

2. Objectives Arrow Fuel System Arrow Propeller System Arrow Landing Gear
Oxygen Systems and Pressurization
Arrow Preflight

3. Fuel System Components
Two Fuel Tanks – 72 Usable Gallons 75 Total / 50 to Tabs – Vents – Sumps – Gasket
Fuel Selector – Three Position
Fuel Filter – Gascilator Low Point Sump
Engine Driven Fuel Pump
Boost Pump
Fuel Control Unit / Servo Regulator
Flow Divider
Fuel Flow Gauge
Fuel Injectors

5. Fuel System Components

6. Fuel Pumps
Engine Driven – Driven off of the Accesory Case of the Engine / Diaphragm Type Pump
Electric Boost Pump – Electric Driven Vane Type Pump

7. Fuel Control Unit / Servo Regulator
Fuel Control Unit / Servo Regulator Same Component
Fuel Control Unit Point of Mixture Control – Variable Orifice
Servo Regulator Uses Differiential Pressure to Determine a Fuel Value
Fuel Diaphragm
Air Diaphragm
Ball Valve
Servo Regulator also has Internal Throttle Body – Attached to Throttle (Butterfly Valve)

10. Servo Regulator Normal Operations Mixture Control Idle Mixture Control
Idle Speed Control
Differential Pressure and how it controls fuel value

11. Flow Divider Normal Operations Outlet to Fuel Flow Gauge
Outlet to Servo Regulator
Outlets to the Injectors
Shut Down Operations
Vapor Lock – How the Flow Divider Helps Prevent It

13. Fuel Injectors Filter Screen Principles of CIS Emulsion Chamber
How this affects the spray pattern

15. Piper Arrow Propeller System
Propeller Control Lever
Speeder Spring
Pilot Valve
Fly Weights
Governor Pump
Propeller Hub – Piston return Spring
Spinner

17. Prop Overspeed
TO OIL SUMP
TO PROPELLER

18. Prop Underspeed
TO OIL SUMP
TO PROPELLER

19. Piper Arrow Gear System
Electro Hydraulic Fully Reversible
Fluid Used – MIL-H-5606 – Red in color
Normal Operations
Hydraulic
Electrical
Emergency Operations
Caution and Warning Systems

20. Gear Extension

21. Gear Retraction

22. Emergency Extension

23. Gear Extension

24. Gear Retraction

25. Arrow Gear Common Questions
Why is Vlr Different then Vle?
What is the purpose of the Snubber Orifice?
What is the purpose of the orifice on the nose wheel?
What does the 020 Diameter Bleed Hole Do?
Why do we have to slow to 87 to manually extend the gear?
How would you trouble shoot gear that failed to extend? Retract?
When does the gear horn go off?
Why doesn’t the nose wheel bind when you move the rudders with the gear retracted?
What turns off the hydraulic pump? Extension? Retraction?

26. Oxygen Systems and Aircraft Pressurization

27. Why do we need oxygen systems?
Flight at higher altitudes – favorable winds, better aircraft economy (ram recovery with turbine aircraft)
Regulatory Requirements – 91 and 121
Emergency Systems – failure of aircraft structure or pressurization systems

28. Oxygen Regulations Part 91
– 12,500 – 14,000, 14,000, 15,000
Pressurized Aircraft – Above 25, min supply for all passengers
Above FL350 One crew member must wear or have a system able to supply O2 while wearing if cabin altitude exceeds 14,000 feet., or if both pilots at controls and both have quick don type masks and below FL410.
If one pilot leaves then the other must put on the mask.

29. Part 121 Oxygen Requirements
– 120 min rule – 10 min descent from cruise and 110 min of cruise at 10,000
10 min supply for 10% of the passengers
15 min supply for cabin attendants wherever they are when the decompression occurs.

30. Types of Oxygen Systems
Continuous flow – Usable up to FL250 or FL180 with nasal canula.
Dilluter Demand – Good up to FL350
Pressure Demand – Up to FL410
Theories of operation

31. Why do we need pressure demand oxygen systems?
Dalton’s Law – Partial Pressure’s of Oxygen
Law of Gaseous Diffusion and how respiration works
With a low partial pressure of oxygen in the cabin with each breath we take in even breathing 100% oxygen we can rob our bodies of O2 due to a greater pressure differential
Pressure breathing allows higher partial pressure in the lungs and the O2 to pass through the alveolar membrane

38. Methods of Oxygen Storage
High Pressure Bottles – PSI
Low Pressure Bottles – PSI
LOX
Chemical Oxygen Generators
Oxygen Generating Systems

39. Oxygen Storage and Usage Safety
Graham’s Law – As temperature increases the pressure increases
Leaving tanks out in the sun the could quickly become empty
Hoses crack after exposure to extremes of temperature
Use of petroleum based products is not recommended due to extremely flammable nature in pure O2 Environment.

40. Oxygen Preflight Check
S – Supply
C – Connections
R – Regulator
E – Emergency Equipment
A – Adjustments
M - Mask

41. Types of Pressurization
Isobaric Control
Differential Pressure Control

45. Pressure Differential Theory
SL psi
psi
8000** psi
10, psi
14, psi
20, psi
30, psi
41, psi
2.5 psi
10.9 psi
10.9 Cabin Ambient Differential