1. A Presentation On Shoring, Underpinning and Scaffolding.
Course Name: Details of Construction
Course code : CE-302

2. Presented By
Mahfuzur Rahman
Prince Talukdar

3. SHORING
The term ‘shoring’ is applied to construction of the temporary structure required to support an unsafe structure. It can be vertical, angled or horizontal.
Objectives of Shoring
* When the walls of a building develop signs of bulging or leaning outwards, shoring is necessary to prevent further development of the defects.
* At the time of dismantled and rebuilt the defective walls of a building, shoring is resorted for supporting the floors or roofs connected to the wall.
* Shoring is necessary to support the super-structure when large openings are required to be made in main walls. Shoring may be essential to give support to the walls of two adjacent buildings when the intermediate building is to be pulled down and rebuilt.

4. Types of shoring Shores can be divided into three types: * Raking Shores * Flying Shores * Dead Shores
* Raking Shores: Raking shores is a system of giving temporary support to an unsafe wall. The most effective support is given if the raker meets the wall at an angle of 60 to 70 degrees. A wall-plate is typically used to increase the area of support.

5. Flying Shores: It is also known as horizontal shores
* Flying Shores: It is also known as horizontal shores. In this type horizontal supports are provided for supporting temporarily the parallel walls of the two adjacent buildings, which may tend to collapse or damage when one of the intermediate buildings has to be pulled down and rebuilt.
* Dead Shores: In this system of shoring, the vertical members known as ‘dead shores’ are used to support temporarily the walls, roofs, floors, etc., by providing horizontal members known as needles.

6. UNDERPINNING
In construction or renovation, ’underpinning’ is the process of strengthening the foundation of an existing building or other structure. Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons:
The original foundation is simply not strong or stable enough.
The usage of the structure has changed.
The properties of the soil supporting the foundation may have changed (possibly through subsidence) or were mischaracterized during design.
The construction of nearby structures necessitates the excavation of soil supporting existing foundations.
To increase the depth or load capacity of existing foundations to support the addition of another storey to the building (above or below grade).
It is more economical, due to land price or otherwise, to work on the present structure's foundation than to build a new one.
Earthquake, flood, drought or other natural causes have caused the structure to move, thereby requiring stabilization of foundation soils.

7. Different Methods of Underpinning Underpinning can be made in various ways, but two of them are mostly used *Pit Method *Pile Method
Pit method
Pile Method

8. SCAFFOLDING
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man made structures.
Types of Scaffolds
The Following types of scaffolds are in mostly used :
Brick-layer’s scaffolds
Mason’s scaffolds
Steel scaffolds
Needle scaffolds

9. Brick-layer’s Scaffolds
In this type of scaffolding, a series of vertical members made of bamboo or timber (named as Standards), are firmly fixed into the ground in a row parallel to the building wall. The distance in between two standards is generally kept within 2.4 to 3 m.

10. Mason’s Scaffoldings
This type of scaffolding is commonly used in case of stone masonry. It is stronger than brick layer’s scaffolding.

11. Steel Scaffolds
The method of construction of steel scaffolding is similar to that of brick layer’s and mason’s scaffolding. The gap between two standards in a row is generally kept within 2.5 m to 3 m. Ledgers are spaced at every rise of 1.8 m. Length of the putlogs are normally 1.2 m to 1.8m.

12. Needle Scaffolds
In this type of scaffolding instead of fixing the standard into the ground, it is placed at some height above the ground level. The platform on which stands are placed is called needle. A needle is a cantilever structure, made of timber, projected out from the holes in wall.

13. Any Query???

14. Thanks to Everyone