1. Geography terms
1. Name one US state that is mostly east of longitude 70 degrees W.
2. Name three US states (shown on this map) that extend west of longitude 120 degrees W.
3.Is the location 45 degrees N latitude, 82 degrees W longitude on land or under water?
4. Name the state that is located entirely between degrees N latitude and between degrees W longitude.

2. Geography Notes 3R]
Continent- largest division of landmass. There are 7 continents: North America, South America, Antarctica, Africa, Europe, Asia, Austrailia.
Ocean- largest division of water. There are 5 oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Indian, and Arctic.
Hemisphere- largest division of Earth (half) There are four hemispheres: Northern, Southern , Eastern, and Western.
Location- the exact place or position. There are two lines to use for position: the equator and prime meridian.
Direction- path that something is moving or located: There are 4 cardinal directions: North, South, East, and West. There are 4 intermediate directions: Northwest, Northeast, Southwest, and Southeast.

3. Latitude and Longitude
The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude.

4. Lines
Lines of Longitude run from the North Pole to the South Pole. They measure how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian. They are also called meridians
Lines of Latitude run from East to West, but measure how far north or south a place is from the equator; they are also called parallels.
The lines measure distances in degrees.
Latitude
Longitude

5. Where is 0 degree?
The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.
It is the starting point for measuring lines of Longitude. P R I M E D A N

6. Where is 0 degree? Equator
The equator is 0 degree latitude and is the starting point for all lines measuring latitude. It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway point between the North Pole and the South Pole.
Equator

8. A location’s coordinates (____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)

9. Hemispheres The shape of the earth is a SPHERE.
By using the equator and prime meridian, we can divide the world into four hemispheres, north, south, east, and west.
Hemispheres are ½ the size of a sphere.

10. Answer numbers 10,11, and 12 using these maps

11. Answer Number 12 using this map!

12. Application N
W E S
North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.3 (B), Posing and answering questions about geographic distributions and patterns
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

13. Directions The cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.
The intermediate directions are northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest.
They help describe the location of places in relation to other places.

14. The Poles
The North Pole is located 90 degrees north and is the highest latitude on the earth above the equator.
The South Pole is located 90 degrees south and is the lowest latitude on the earth below the equator. The poles are the coldest parts of the earth.

15. Map Legends
The legend is the key to unlocking the secrets of a map. Objects or colors in the legend represent something on the map.
Religions Legend

16. Types of Maps
Maps are helpful in explaining what an area looks like, resources available, or even boundaries that separate people. Maps can even explaining what the people are like.
1. Political maps state the boundaries of countries, cities, or towns.
2. Physical maps show what the land is like (ex. water or landforms).
3. Distribution Map- patterns of people or resources.

17. Age Expectancy
Legend

18. Can you understand this legend?

19. Scales
The scale on a map shows land size. It is helpful to see distance. The Scales lets us know how big or small an area is in relation to other places.

20. 3 climate Zones- 8R
1. Frigid zone (polar regions)- these are the coldest areas on Earth. They are located 66 degrees North and 66 degrees South. They are called the Arctic Circle in the North and Antarctic Circle in South.
2. Tropic Zone- the hottest places on earth. The tropics are located 23 degrees south (Tropic of Capricorn) to 23 degrees north (Tropic of Cancer).
3. Temperate – Mild (just right for humans) located between the frigid and the tropics.

21. Climate Zones

22. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180°
SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a day
Asia to America – lose a day
If you took a cruise on a ship, circumventing, or traveling around the entire planet, you would experience firsthand a phenomena that would help you understand the importance of an international dateline. An explorer by the name of Ferdinand Magellan did just that in the year Magellan along with 241 men set out to travel around the entire Earth. These men kept very careful records as they traveled. Yet, when they returned, they found that their calendars were off by one day with the calendars of everyone in their home countries. What happened? How did these men loose an entire day? The day was not lost all at once. It was lost little by little, as the traveled around the Earth. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset.
At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

23. Time Zones
The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day.
As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day.
Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.

24. US TIME ZONES

25. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones
The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of those time zones to the west

26. ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING EAST INCREASE
Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS
Time is backward to all places to the west
East= Increase 1 hour every 15 degrees longitude
West= decrease 1 hour every 15 degrees longitude

27. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.

28. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.

29. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

30. It’s still daylight in California
Saguenay
Sept-Iles
Thunder Bay
Toronto
St.John
Ottawa
It’s still daylight in California
Québec
Montréal
Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.
Detroit
Dallas
Puerto Rico
Houston
Miami
Mexico City
Havana
Port-au-Prince

31. NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.

32. Iceland
England
Atlantic
Ocean
France
Spain
Italy
AFRICA