1. The Soviet Union Under Stalin

2. Today’s Standard Essential Questin
10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I.
Explain the rise of Stalin and compare and contrast Stalin's Communist Russia to Hitler and Mussolini’s Fascist nations.
Essential Questin

3. Stalin Becomes Dictator
After Lenin dies (1924), Trotsky & Stalin compete for power
1928: Stalin has total command of Communist Party
Focus on Russian development
4. Trotsky, Stalin’s main opponent forced into exile

4. Communism Under Stalin
Karl Mark Communism = no central government
Stalin communism = Totalitarian government
Totalitarianism = total control over every aspect of public & private life
Seems secure & stable, but no freedom

5. The Cult of Stalin
Russian religious tradition: worship of the saints and veneration of the Tsar were common practices…
Stalin intensified this tradition, leading to the “cult of personality” – the deliberate fixation on an all powerful leader, whose personality exemplified the challenge of extraordinary times.
Mandated & expanded education at all levels
Promoted educational opportunities for women
Censored all forms of creative thinking and expression
Replaced religious teachings with Communist ideals

6. The Cult of Personality

7. Economy Under Stalin Command Economy = Gov’t. controlled 5 Year Plan
rapid industrialization & strengthening of national defense
Increase output of steel, coal, oil, etc. by limiting production of consumer goods
Improving transportation
Increasing farm out-put
Jobs, workers, & hours decided by gov’t
Secret police (Cheka) enforced with imprisonment or execution
Different from Lenin’s NEP which allowed some small capitalist enterprize
Stalin said USSR yrs behind advanced countries
Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Five-Year Plan Postcard states that "with honor, we will fulfill and fulfill again Stalin's new Five Year Plan".

8. “Industrialism is the Path to Socialism” As this 1928 poster proclaims, Stalin’s government saw rapid industrialization as the key to the success of the Soviet Union.
The development of transport is one of the most important tasks for the implementation of the five year plan.

9. Results of 5 Year Plan 1928-1939 huge growth in industry
Working men and women had little to show
Standard of living remained low
Low quality goods
Wages were low and workers were not allowed to strike
a woman and her son search for food during the famine. Describe the effect of Stalin’s ruthless policies on the production of oats, wheat, and potatoes.

10. Agricultural Revolution
Creation of Collective Farms:
Government-owned
Produce food for the State
People resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, destroying tools and burning croups
Kulaks = wealthy peasants; thousands executed or sent to camps
Resistance continued million died due to famine; millions more sent to Siberia
'We will keep out Kulaks from the Collective farms'  

11. Weapons of Totalitarianism
Police Terror
Gulags – brutal labor camps
Secret police
Propaganda
Indoctrination
teaching someone to accept a set of beliefs without questioning them.
Censorship
Religious Persecution
pogroms
Phone tapped; mail read; planted informers everywhere (even children to inform vs. parents)
4. Replace religious teaching with ideals of communism; League of the Militant Godless; Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Jews targets; many religious leaders killed or sent to labor camps

12. Entering Gulag (a leaf fromEufrosinia Kersnovskava’s notebook)
Gulags
Phone tapped; mail read; planted informers everywhere (even children to inform vs. parents)
4. Replace religious teaching with ideals of communism; League of the Militant Godless; Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and Jews targets; many religious leaders killed or sent to labor camps
Entering Gulag (a leaf fromEufrosinia Kersnovskava’s notebook)

13. The Great Purge 1934 – 1939 Targets of Purge included
Early Bolshevik revolutionaries
Military heroes
Anyone who became a threat
At least 4 million people executed
Results
Increased Stalin's Power
Hurt the government because so many important people were executed.
Portrait of Lev Borisovich Kamenev Lev Borisovich Kamenev ( ) became a Communist revolutionary at a young age and rose through the ranks to become a prominent member of the Politburo in Russia. He was executed on Stalin's orders in the Great Purge.

14. Propaganda
Stalin propaganda poster, reading: "Beloved Stalin—good fortune of the people!"
>Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used to sway people beliefs or actions
Stalin sought to control the hearts and minds of Soviet citizens
Censored opposing ideas, made himself a godlike figure
Bombarded radios, loudspeakers, movies, theaters, schools, billboards, posters, newspapers w/ communist propaganda

15. Soviet Propaganda Posters
The Giants of the Five Year Plan
“The results of the Five Year Plan show that the working class is not only capable of destroying the old, but also of building the new”
Long Live the Great Stalin!!

16. Censorship and the Arts
Gov’t controlled what books were published, what music was heard, and which works of Art were displayed.
Stalin encouraged:
Russification- making the cultures of nonRussians more Russian
Atheism- belief that there is no God
Socialist Realism- Show soviet life in a positive light
Soviet ArtIn this Socialist Realist sculpture, a factory worker and a collective farmer raise the hammer and sickle together.

17. Benefits and Drawbacks
Did not create a society of equals as promised
head of society were the members of the Soviet party
All Children attended free communist schools
State provided free medical care, day care, inexpensive housing, public recreation
Housing was scarce, meat , fruit and other foods were hard to get

18. Women Won equal rights Did same job as men
More educational opportunities
Also expected to produce offspring for future obedient citizens
This woman is one of the workers charged with the job of constructing a giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".