1. In the context of , to what extent was the anti-Semitism of the German people during Nazi rule ( ) an anomaly?

2. What is the question asking?
Was the anti-Semitism of the GERMAN PEOPLE notably different during Nazi rule?
Some people think this was the case – the anti-Semitism of the German people was an anomaly during the years of Nazi rule (i.e. anti-Semites in Germany were emboldened by Nazi rule so anti-Semitism became more visible and more extreme)
Some people think German people were ALWAYS anti-Semitism (eliminationist) and therefore there is NO anomaly over the 100 years – the Nazis simply activated a hatred for Jews that already existed
Some people think Germany people were anti-Semitism across the 100 years, but the Nazis are the anomaly in relation to anti-Semitism in Germany (i.e. the German people were never eliminationist anti-Semites, just the Nazi party)

3. What content will be covered
Hep-Hep riots (1819)
Kaisers ( )
Weimar Germany ( )
Nazi Germany ( )

4. What themes will be covered
Anti-Semitic violence
Who is being violent?
Why is the violence starting?
What is the scale of the violence?
What type of violence is being committed?
Anti-Semitic press and literature
What is the press saying about Jews?
How accessible/popular is the literature (readership? circulation?)
Anti-Semitic laws & govt.
What rights are given/taken away from Jews?
Are laws implemented?
What are the beliefs of leaders/governments?
Anti-Semitic groups
Do they exist?
How big are they?
What do they say about Jews?

5. Hep-Hep Riots 1819

6. Kaisers ( )

7. Weimar ( )

8. Nazis ( )

9. Hitler’s Willing Executioners
Goldhagen argues that the German people knew about and fully supported the Holocaust.
He says that ‘eliminationist’ Anti-Semitism was rife in Germany even before 1933.
He argues that thousands of German people willingly took part and thousands more would of done if required.
He argues that the Holocaust came from deep-seated attitudes in Germany and that such an event could only stem from Germany.

10. Hitler’s Willing Executioners
Find evidence/details relating to the following points
P.447 German became perpetrators because their pre-existing anti-Semitism was activated
P. 448 Nazi leaders knew the German people did not support them on many issues, but did support the extermination of the Jews
P.449 Germans who were not formally engaged with extermination, routinely assaulted Jews
P.452 Eliminationist anti-Semitism prepared Germans to be voluntary killers again and again
P.453 Killings were celebrated