Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Chapter 4 How and Why Europeans Came to the New World
What did explorers take to and from the New World during the Age of Exploration?
2
4.1 Introduction Europeans set out for the New World
Environments and cultural regions European Age of Exploration Late 1400s Explorers Looking for new routes Trade controlled by Italy and eastern Mediterranean Other Europeans wanted into the business
3
4.1 Introduction Little travel in the 1400s Sunken ships
Chris sailed to North America in 1492 Others followed Sunken ships Find artifacts in ships lost at sea What objects might you find? What clues would these objects give you about how and why Europeans came to North America?
4
4.2 Underwater Archeaology
Underwater Archeaologists Finding a sunken ship Old ship records Read stories from shipwreck survivors Machines (Sonar) to locate cannons and anchors Exploring the ship Mark the site in a grid Exact location of each object
5
4.2 Underwater Archesology
Exploring the ship Photograph and tag Remove from water Measure and record Artifacts can uncover various pieces of info Long process
6
4.3 Ocean Crossing Crossing the ocean Astrolabe No landmarks
Used astrolabes to find position Astrolabe An early scientific tool used to observe and calculate the position of the sun and other stars Circular piece of metal Marks around the edges Bar attached to the center
7
4.3 Ocean Crossing Using the Astrolabe Could be used in day and night
Held by loop at the top Tilt the bar to align with the sun, North Star or another known star Measure latitude Angle of the star about the horizon Could be used in day and night
8
4.4 Directions A compass Knowing North… Doesn’t tell exact location…
Magnetic needle balanced on metal post Needle spins freely Point attracted to magnetic field near North Pole Needle points North Knowing North… Doesn’t tell exact location… Can be helpful in fog and total darkness
9
4.5 Maps Maps Ocean maps Navigational charts Mapmakers Sea Monsters!
Drawing of the shapes of bodies of land and water Use a scale Ocean maps Navigational charts Mapmakers New information from sailors, explorers, scientist Knew the world was round Did not know about the New World Sea Monsters!
10
4.6 Claimed Lands Spreading power Spanish flags
Rulers paid for explorers’ ships and crew Carried flags and banners Claiming land Spanish flags Cross “F” “Y”
11
4.7 Religious Beliefs Christianity began in the Middle East
Reached Europe ~2,000 years ago Roman Empire Europeans spread it more Christians in Europe All should share their beliefs Catholic rulers sent priests and armies to other lands Roman Catholic Protestant
12
4.7 Religious Beliefs Explorers from Europe in the 1500s Christians
Carried Bibles with them Stories and teachings of the Christian faith Two parts Old Testament (writings from the Jewish religion) New Testament (writings from followers of Jesus Christ)
13
4.8 Wealth Gold and Silver Spain at war in late 1400s
Made coins Spain at war in late 1400s Costly Sent explorers to find precious metals in the New World Found in Mexico and South America Forced Native Americans to work in mines as slaves Ships transported the riches back to Spain brary/pictures/tour.jsp?lang=en&ix=19
14
4.9 New Foods Valuable finds Corn Changed food around the world
Food: natural product, not artifact Discovered in historical records Corn Native Americans grew all over the New World Different kinds Roasted, popped, boiled Flour Better than wheat Changed food around the world Potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans, squash Tomatoes, pineapple cocoa
15
4.10 Cash Crops Tobacco grew all throughout Americas Tobacco in Europe
American Indians dried leaves Smoked in piped or cigars Chewed Inhaled (snuff) Men were addicted Thought it had health benefits Religious and ceremonious Tobacco in Europe Addiction led to high demand Colonists planted large fields Cash crop
16
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
Religious conflict Granada Muslim Spain Christians tried to regain control Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded in 1942 Muslims Follow the religion on Islam Began in Southwest Asia Spread quickly Settled in Spain Surrounded by Christians Christians nervous of the different beliefs
17
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
The Queen Meets Columbus Columbus came from Italy Sought Queen’s help Columbus Wanted to sail across the Atlantic New trade route to Asia Expand Spain’s trade in spices and Chinese goods Find gold and silver Sea exploration new idea Sailors had only followed the coast
18
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
Just kidding!! Queen Isabella rejected him twice Powerful Christian nation-state An independent country whose people mostly share a common identity Determined to spread Catholic faith Agreed to send Columbus Gain wealth and spread faith and rule
19
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
Religious Wars in Europe 25 years after Columbus sailed the ocean blue Martin Luther appeared on the scene Presented 95 reasons… “nailed to the church door” In 1517 the Catholic Church (only type of Christian religion) was questioned
20
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
The Reformation Martin Luther’s attempt to improve the church Split the people Catholic rejected Others agreed Protestant Church Religious differences were not accepted Divided Europe Counter Reformation Rulers forced people to follow their beliefs
21
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
Conflict Between England and Spain England’s King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church Led to new enemies 1558 Queen Elizabeth I Disputes with Spain Pirates Vice Versa
22
RF: Changes in Europe Spur Exploration
Spanish Armada 130 warships Set sail for England Defeated by the English navy Spain still a threat England behind in oversea exploration Spreading the conflicts and rivalries of Europe
Similar presentations
