1. ”A sonnet by any other name would sound as sweet…”
Sonnets
   ”A sonnet by any other name would sound as sweet…”

2. What is a Sonnet?
A very structured type of poetry in which the author attempts to show two related but differing things to the reader in order to communicate something about them.
Developed in Italy, probably in the
thirteenth century.
A sonnet shows two related, contrasting things or ideas (e.g. life vs. death; youth vs. old age) to communicate something about them (offer a message)

3. Sonnets (cont.)
Consists of fourteen lines and follows one of several set rhyme schemes:
English (Shakespearean)
Italian (Petrarchan)
Spenserian

4. Sonnet Vocabulary Sestet:
Quatrain:
A stanza of four lines.
Octave:
An eight line stanza. Used primarily to denote the first eight-line division of the Italian Sonnet as separate from the last six-line division, the sestet.
Sestet:
The second six-line division of an Italian Sonnet. Following the eight-line division (octave), the sestet usually makes specific a general statement that has been presented in the octave or indicates the personal emotion of the author in a situation that the octave has developed.

5. Vocab. (cont.) Volta (The Turn):
The turn in thought– from question to answer, problem to solution– that occurs at the beginning of the sestet (line 9) in the Italian sonnet. Sometimes occurs in the English sonnet between the twelfth and thirteenth lines. Marked by “but,” “yet,” or “and yet.”

6. Iambic Pentameter
A line of Iambic Pentameter is a line with ten beats.
An “Iamb” is two beats, or one “foot.”
“Penta” is five (line has five “feet”).
“Meter” is the rhythm of the poem.
A “foot” is made of an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable (in that order).

7. Italian Sonnet An Italian Sonnet is also called a Petrarchan Sonnet.
It includes an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines).
The rhyme scheme must begin with abbaabba, and can conclude with any variation of c, d, and e (cdecde, cdcdee, etc.).
The turn must occur between the octave and the sestet.

8. More on Italian Sonnets…
The octave typically:
Presents a narrative
States a preposition
Or raises a question
The sestet:
drives home the narrative by making an abstract comment
applies the preposition
or solves the problem.

9. English Sonnets (Shakespearean)
Four divisions are used:
Three quatrains
Each with a rhyme scheme of its own, usually rhyming alternating lines.
And a rhymed concluding couplet.
The typical rhyme scheme is
Abab cdcd efef gg
The turn is either after eight lines
or ten lines.

10. English (cont.)
each quatrain develops a specific idea, but one closely related to the ideas in the other quatrains.
Not only is the English sonnet the easiest in terms of its rhyme scheme, calling for only pairs of rhyming words rather than groups of 4, but it is the most flexible in terms of the placement of the volta. Shakespeare often places the "turn," as in the Italian, at L9

11. The two major sonnet forms:
Petrarchan (Italian) A B A Octave (8 lines) A The TURN C D E C Sestet (6 lines)
Shakespearean (English) A B C D C 3 quatrains E F The TURN F G Rhyming G Couplet

12. Spenserian
The Spenserian sonnet, invented by Edmund Spenser, complicates the Shakespearean form, linking rhymes among the quatrains:
Abab bcbc cdcd ee
there does not appear to be a requirement that the initial octave sets up a problem that the closing sestet "answers", as is the case with a Petrarchan sonnet.
The Spenserian Sonnet is very rare among modern poets.

13. Works Cited
mrslivaudais.com/wp-content/uploads/.../An-Introduction-to-Sonnets.ppt‎