1. European Imperialism in Africa

2. “Scramble for Africa” Occurred 1881-1914
European nations established empires around the world- including Africa

3. Why did Europe want African colonies?
Power/Strategic Advantage
Egypt, Morocco, South Africa (Cape Colony)
Exploiting Resources
Minerals/natural resources in South Africa, Zimbabwe
Settling African territories (permanently)
Angola, Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa
Natives moved to less-productive land
Religious conversion

4. Berlin Conference Reasons for conference
established rules for territorial acquisitions
Countries
- dominated by France, Germany, United Kingdom and Portugal
-U.S., Denmark, Spain, Italy, Russia, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Turkey were present
-NO African leaders were present
Reasons for conference
- Confusion among colonialist nations regarding borders – Europeans did not want to start a war over borders

5. Berlin Conference Results
- Africa was divided between European countries
- Ethiopia and Liberia were independent
- wrecked havoc on Africa by dividing cultures and bringing together enemies
- can still see effects today through the political fragmentation and ethnic violence

7. Was there Resistance? Yes!
Ashanti vs. British in Ghana (1874)
Zulus vs. British in South Africa (1870s-1880s)
Mandinkas vs. France in Guinea (1880s-1890s)
Fulanis vs. British & Frence In Nigeria (1890s)
Hehes vs. Germany in Tanganyika (1890s)
Ethiopians vs. Italians (1896)
Europeans won due to:
Superior technology
Modern weapons
Internal divisions of African peoples/states
Sometimes negotiations (British)

8. Summary Europeans ruled most of Africa for over 70 years
Legacy of exploitation, denigration of native customs/institutions
Often made existing tribal rivalries much worse (Rwanda)
Made some limited improvements to infrastructure, education in later periods
Only for certain people
Only for certain purposes

9. Africa Imperialism in Africa Video

10. Positives Effects of European Colonization
Colonies provided strategic, military, & economic advantages
Provided Minerals & other natural resources  Industrial Revolution in Europe
Many Africans converted to Christianity
Cheap labor
Trade relationships
Africa
Some improvement in transportation & communication infrastructure, health facilities, housing, educ.
Africans learned some things about market economics
Africans educated abroad returned to help their countries

11. Neutral Effects of European Colonization
Some Africans got French citizenship
$ spent to establish basics of society like government & judicial system
Africa
Missionaries
Some Africans got French citizenship
Trade routes between Europe & Africa

12. Negative Effects of European Colonization
Africa
Had to fight colonial powers
European settlers took good land
Hard labor for low wages
Lost control of natural resources
Leaders removed from power
Not prepared for independence
Europeans divided Africa w/ no regard for cultures/groups
Legitimacy of traditional African practices was undermined
Europe
Had to fight rebellions
Colonial rule in many places (Congo) was morally repugnant

13. Independence- Underlying Forces
Africans resented European presence
Africans desire for self- rule was fueled by the inequities of colonization (exploitation)
WWI and WWII showed Africans that Europeans were fallible
WWI and WWII provided Africans w/ exposure to a wider world- Africans fought for colonizers
Wars drained colonial powers

14. Resulting Problems
Political violence and ethnic conflict impacted economies
European nations did not prepare African countries for independence
Lack of infrastructure hurt the economies