2. Classical
Greece
and
Rome

4. Parthenon, c. 447 BC Classical Greece
The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
The architects were Iktinos and Kallikrates.
The temple was believed to be designed by Phidias the sculptor.

5. The Parthenon was carefully planned to be balanced, harmonious, and beautiful.
The most famous features of Greek architecture:
Post-and-lintel construction
Sloped or gabled roof
Colonnade (a row of columns)

9. The Parthenon was built on the sacred hill of the Acropolis.
The building is approximately 110 x 237 ft. long (30.0 x 69.5 m.).
8 columns run along one side of the building and 17 on the other.
Each column is 6 ft. and 2 inches in diameter (1.9 m.) and 34 ft. and 3 inches high (104 m.).

11. Doric Order - a simple, heavy column without a base and topped with a broad plain capital

12. Ionic Order - more slender and higher column with an elaborate base and capital carved into double scrolls like ram horns

13. Corinthian Order - the capital is elongated and decorated with acanthus leaves

19. Classical Greece
Athena Parthenos was sculpted by Phidias, the designer of the Parthenon.
Athena Parthenos was approximately 42 ft. (13 m.) tall.
She was originally made of white ivory and adorned with over a ton of gold. Precious stones were used in her eyes and helmet.

32. To Be Continued….

34. Classical Greece
The Discus Thrower or Discobolus, c. 450 BC
It was originally sculpted by Myron in bronze, an alloy of copper and tin.
Only a Roman marble copy exists of Myron’s great work.

36. Classical Greece
In sculpture, humans were raised above human reality to a state of perfection found only in the gods.
Severe style - early, pre-Classical transitional style of mid-fifth century Greek statuary that is formal but not rigid in pose and emphasized the principle of weight distribution.

40. Classical Greece
Laocoon and His Two Sons, c. mid 2nd century BC - 1st century AD
It was sculpted by Agesander, Athenodorus, and Polydorus of Rhodes.
Hellenistic period - spread of Greek culture eastward to Mesopotamia and Egypt by Alexander the Great (3rd-2nd century BC).

42. Classical Greece
In Laocoon, we see the theme of suffering.
It exhibits tortuous poses, straining muscles, swelling veins, and expressions of pain.
Such an expression of unrestrained emotion would have been unthinkable 3 centuries earlier.

47. To Be Continued….

49. Classical Rome
The Colosseum, AD Rome, Italy
It was planned under the Emperor Vespasian and dedicated in 80 AD by his successor Titus as an amphitheater for gladiatorial games and public entertainment.

50. Classical Rome
The Colosseum is 4 stories of stone, brick , and concrete.

52. Classical Rome
The Colosseum is 4 stories of stone, brick , and concrete.
The exterior is ashlar masonry: dry-jointed blocks held in place by metal cramps and dowels.

54. Classical Rome
The Colosseum is 4 stories of stone, brick , and concrete.
The exterior is ashlar masonry: dry-jointed blocks held in place by metal cramps and dowels.
It is a complete oval (615 x 510 ft) and covers 6 acres.

56. Classical Rome
Each story has a different column: 1) Doric, 2) Ionic, 3) Corinthian, 4)Corinthian, flat on one side.
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian

58. Classical Rome
Each story has a different column: 1) Doric, 2) Ionic, 3) Corinthian, 4)Corinthian, flat on one side.
Arches on the inside are openings of barrel vaults.

61. Classical Rome
Each story has a different column: 1) Doric, 2) Ionic, 3) Corinthian, 4)Corinthian, flat on one side.
Arches on the inside are openings of barrel vaults.
It could seat 50,000 people and be emptied in minutes through its 80 exits.

67. To Be Continued….

69. Pantheon, 118-125 AD Classical Rome
The Pantheon was a temple dedicated to “all the gods.”
It was built by the emperor Hadrian, a successor to Trajan.

70. Classical Rome
The Pantheon is 142 ft. high and 140 ft. across.
It is a simple but massive form:
a cylinder,
topped by a hemispherical dome,
fronted by a columned rectangular porch.

72. Classical Rome
The dome is a perfect half sphere carved out with recessed squares called coffers which lightens the dome visually and structurally.
The only opening is 29 foot wide oculus or eye at very top of the dome.

74. Classical Rome
Around the base are 7 niches for statues of “sky” gods: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
In 7th century, it became a Christian church and still is today.

79. Image Sources 1. jccnet.johnco.cc.ks.us/~jjackson/part.html
2. encarta.msn/com/find/MediaMax.asp
3. harpy.uccs.edu/greek/athens.html
4. web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/orion/eng/hst/roma/colloseu.html
5. GreecePack/columns1.htm 6.
kouros.shtm 7.

80. Image Sources 8. www.artworld.co.Kr/art/ancient/greek/discobolos.htm9.
10.
11. building.com/architects/Ictinus_and_ Callicrates_wi.html
htm
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14.
15.

81. Finis