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Europe & the Americas: Spain – conquest & colonisation
Early modern period general Lecture 13 Simon Ditchfield
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Columbus the discoverer: of a ‘new’ world?
The intrepid hero
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Cortes the conqueror: the clash of civilisations?
Hernan Cortes (c ) The destruction of an empire
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Pizarro the adventurer: treacherous thug?
Francisco Pizarro ( ) Arrival of Pizarro & de Almagro in Peru (1530)
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Spain: a 700-year crusade Reconquista Santiago matamoros
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Spain: a Catholic empire
Ferdinand & Isabella Santiago matamoros
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Portuguese preconditions
Henry the Navigator Portuguese explorations
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Dividing the spoils (before they were even won)
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The ‘T-O’ map of the world
The geography of I The ‘T-O’ map of the world Hartmann Schedel Liber chronicorum, 1493
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The geography of II
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Columbus’s voyages
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Cortes & the ‘conquest’ of Mexico
Cortes & la Malinche Cortes’ campaigns
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Tenochtitlan: wonder of the world
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Cortes, Malinche & Moctezuma
Communicating power Human sacrifice Cortes, Malinche & Moctezuma
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Lienzo de Tlaxcalla (1520s)
Moctezuma’s end Florentine Codex (c.1550) Lienzo de Tlaxcalla (1520s)
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Tawantinsuyu: a recent empire
Cuzco (Qosqo)
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Inca wealth & Power I Quipu
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Inca wealth & Power II Cuzco’s walls today Machu Picchu
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Coup de main at Cajamarca
Execution of Atahuallpa
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A slow conquest
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The Devastation of the Indies: a brief account (1552)
The human cost I Bartolome de las Casas ( ) The Devastation of the Indies: a brief account (1552)
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The human costs II: the ‘Columbian exchange’
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Some myths of conquest The achievement of a few great men
Conquistadors had been sent by their King Conquest achieved & Colonialism rapidly imposed Conquest reduced Americas to a native void Innate European superiority
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Religious Identities
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Big science
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Globalisation
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