1. The Impact of Imperialism 1850-1914
Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political and social life of the people of that nation

2. Causes of Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution caused a need for resources to fuel industrial production in Europe and the United States
Where would these resources come from?
Africa
Asia
Latin America

3. Causes of Imperialism
Economic competition between European nations; new markets to sell their goods
The need of European nations to add colonies to their empires as a measure of national greatness = Nationalist competition
Growing racism, or the belief that one race was superior to another
Because they were more technologically advanced, many Europeans and Americans felt they had the right to dominate the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America

4. Causes of Imperialism
Social Darwinism: the idea that those who were fittest for survival and success were superior to others
Because of Social Darwinism, Europeans felt they had the right and duty to bring progress to other nations
Desire to Christianize the people of Asia and Africa
Desire to civilize and “westernize” others

5. What Enabled Imperialism?
Europeans’ technological superiority
Machine gun
Steam ships & trains
Medicines
telegraph
Improvements in transportation to and within Asian and African colonies
Medical advances, such as Quinine, which protected Europeans from foreign diseases (malaria)
Disunity among ethnic groups in Africa

6. Forms of Imperialism FORMS OF IMPERIALISM CHARACTERISTICS Colony
A country or region governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate
A country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Sphere of Influence
(China)
An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading privileges
Economic Imperialism
Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other government

7. Forms of Imperialism/ Types of Management Indirect vs Direct Control… brainstorm

8. Local government officials were used Limited self-rule
INDIRECT CONTROL
DIRECT CONTROL
Local government officials were used
Limited self-rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
GOAL: assimilation (the process in which a minority group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture)
Government institutions based only on European styles
Paternalism: people governed in a fatherly way where their needs are provided for but they’re not given rights
The British generally interfered less with local custons and in comparison to the French who worked to assimilate colonial people into French culture

9. No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??
Imperialism in Africa
Berlin Conference,
European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa
Any European nation could claim land in Africa by telling the others and showing they could control the area
Europeans paid no attention to the ethnic and linguistic divisions in Africa when dividing it amongst themselves
No African leaders attended this meeting… Why might that be unfair??

10. Imperial Empire Building

12. Berlin Conference

13. Major Influences of Queen Victoria
Queen of England from 1837 to 1901 (age 18-81).  
Queen Victoria is associated with Britain's great age of industrial expansion, economic progress and, especially, empire.
During her reign England became a world-wide Empire with colonies on every continent.
“the sun never sets on the British empire”

14. Major Influences of Queen Victoria
Throughout her reign, Victoria maintained a sense of dignity and morality that improved the common person’s opinion of the monarchy.
Victoria and her husband, Albert, used the new invention of photography to present themselves and their nine children as similar to the growing "middle class." The people ended up feeling a stronger connection with them.

15. Major Influences of Queen Victoria
“Grandmother of Europe”
By 1914, seven of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren were on European thrones:
Grandsons:
King of England
Kaiser of Germany
Granddaughters:
Queen of Greece
Queen of Romania
Queen of Sweden
Queen of Spain
Tzarina of Russia

17. Imperialism in Asia

18. Imperialism Case Studies

19. Imperialism in China China and the Opium Wars 1839-1842
1830s – England is the world’s biggest drug trafficker
Grow Opium in India
Ship Opium to China: Traded for Tea and other goods.
Opium addiction devastates Chinese society
Chinese Opium Smokers

20. 1839 – Lin Tse-hsu: Imperial Commissioner
Sends letter to Queen Victoria
Stop Opium Trade
Threatened to cut off trade and expel all British
China loses war – Treaty of Nanking
Beginning of foreign domination of China
While China avoided being outright colonized the political pressure by Brit & Western powers to gain

21. Imperialism in China Big Picture
China avoided outright colonization but was politically pressured by the British & western powers to gain trade concessions, making China a Sphere of influence

22. Imperialism in India India and the Sepoy Rebellion
The British government gave a company (The British East India Company - BEI) the power to become actively involved in Indian politics.
Had its own soldiers and forts, and hired Indians soldiers called sepoys to protect its interests.

23. Distrust led to war sparked by a rumor
The British were issuing troops bullets that were greased with cow and pig fat (why do they care? Think about the religious traditions of India.)
Sepoys refused to use the bullets and were arrested.
Included the Sikhs.
An Indian religion that shares elements of Islam and Hinduism

24. The Sepoys lost the rebellion and Parliament transferred the powers of the BEI to the British government
Queen Victoria crowned Empress of India

25. Imperialism in Japan Japan and American Imperialism
In 1853, US Admiral Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay to ask for a trade agreement.
He returned six months later with more warships for an answer and the Japanese agreed.
Signed the Treaty of Kanagawa

26. Instead of resisting the western powers like China, Japan chose to cooperate with them.
The Japanese government rapidly westernized all aspects of their society and economy with help from the West.

27. Impact of Imperialism in Africa
POSITIVE
Local warfare reduced
Improved sanitation
Hospitals led to increased lifespan
Schools led to increased literacy
Economic growth
NEGATIVE
Loss of land and independence
Men forced to work in European owned mines and on European owned farms
Contempt for traditional culture and admiration of European culture = identity problems
Dividing up of Africa = artificial boundaries divided kinship groups and united rivals

28. Importance of the Panama and Suez Canals
Decrease time and money spent on travel and trade with the colonies

29. During the 19th century, Egypt and Sudan were considered strategic regions for imperial powers in terms of continental and possible global control. In 1875, Britain bought Egypt's shares in the Suez Canal for £4 million, making them the largest shareholder and safeguarding the water route to India.
While Britain held these until 1956, this strategic move marked the beginning of imperial Britain's control over Egypt.

30. Suez Canal
Guess how many miles it took to get from London to Mumbai with and without the use of the Suez Canal?
How much was the trip shortened by with the use of the canal?

31. In 1909, traveling far from home still meant traveling over land or getting on a ship. This maps shows how long it would take to travel any place in the world from Berlin. The most remote place in the world, from a European perspective, was still the center of Africa. Timbuktu, in the continent’s west, is just on the edge of what was then accessible. The map also show the impact of the Suez Canal: There’s that red arm branching out towards the southeast, indication that the canal made a whole new part of the world accessible.

32. Panama Canal
Guess how many miles it took to get from San Francisco to New York with and without the use of the Panama Canal?
How much was the trip shortened by with the use of the canal