1. 생물정보학 Bioinformatics

2. 생물정보학이란? 생물정보학 (Bioinformatics) 생물학 (biology) + 정보학 (informatics)
융합 학문
Interdisciplinary field of science that develops methods
and software tools for understanding biological data.
Biology, computer science, statistics, mathematics, …
1970, Hogeweg & Hesper coined the term bioinformatics

3. 생물정보학의 발달 Sequencing Database
1950s Amino acid sequencing (Sanger, Insulin)
1970s Nucleotide sequencing (Sanger, Maxam-Gilbert)
1990s Genome sequencing
Haemophilus influenza (1995, 1.2 Mb), Human genome (2003, 3 Gb)
Database
Dayhoff & Lipman : mother & father of bioinformatics
first protein sequence databases
NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)
Creation of database GenBank (NCBI, NIH, USA)
NCBI/EMBL/DDBJ
GenBank at NCBI
EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) at EBI
DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) at CIB (NIG, Japan)
* INSDC (International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration)

4. 생물정보학으로 무엇을? The goal of bioinformatics Major research efforts
To increase the understanding of biological processes
Focus on developing and applying computationally
intensive techniques to achieve the goal
(pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning
algorithms, visualization)
Major research efforts
sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly,
prediction of gene expression
protein structure alignment
Prediction of protein structure
prediction of protein–protein interactions
modeling of evolution
drug design & drug discovery

5. Omics Omics Genome Genomics Proteome Proteomics
-ome, -omics
data-driven approach (exploratory approach)
vs hypothesis-driven approach
Genome Genomics
Proteome Proteomics
Transcriptome Transcriptomics
Metabolome Metabolomics …

6. Databases Primary nucleotide sequence databases Meta databases
Original sequence data
INSD (International Nucleotide Sequence Database) include
GenBank at NCBI
EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory) at EBI
DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) at NIG
Meta databases
Collect data from different sources and make them
available in a new and more convenient form, or with an
emphasis on a particular disease or organism
RefSeq (NCBI)
Enzyme Portal (European Bioinformatics Institute)
mGen : contain databases GenBank, Refseq, EMBL and DDBJ

7. Protein sequence databases
Genome databases
EcoCyc : E. coli K-12
Saccharomyces Genome Database :
EzGenome : archaea and bacteria
Protein sequence databases
UniProt : Universal Resource
Swiss-Prot : Protein Knowledgebase
Pfam : Protein families database
Entrez : 정보검색 시스템 (NCBI)
ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) : Proteomics
SIB (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics)
BLAST : 서열 검색 프로그램 (NCBI)

8. Useful websites NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
BLAST
PubMed
EMBL-EBI
ExPASy
BRIC