1. Chapter 25 Review Questions

2. From highest to lowest, the racial caste’s in Spain’s colonies were:
Creoles, mestizos, & natives
Peninsulares, mestizos, & creoles
Peninsulares, creoles, slaves, & mestizos
Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, natives, & slaves
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. How did Spain organize its New World colonies?
They were ruled by military governors
Into viceroyalties governed by viceroys who answered to the Crown
Each colony chose its own governor
Into a single vast dependency known as New Spain
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. How did Spain organize its New World colonies?
They were ruled by military governors
Into viceroyalties governed by viceroys who answered to the Crown
Each colony chose its own governor
Into a single vast dependency known as New Spain
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

5. Who were the “coureurs de bois?”
Couriers who delivered messages in New France
Poets who romanticized France’s colonies
Woodsmen whose fur trapping was a major activity in New France
Shipbuilders whose skills improved France’s merchant fleet
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

6. What role did Jesuit missionaries play in the American colonies?
They founded institutions of higher learning
They trained native troops for Spain
They extended Spain’s missions into California
They pioneered contacts with the most remote and dangerous native tribes
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7. What made the Atlantic-based “Triangle Trade” so profitable?
Improved sailing technology shortened the time required to cross the Atlantic
Merchants sold different products on each leg of the trip, increasing profit
The demand for slaves was replaced by the demand for rum
British control of the Atlantic
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8. Which of the following was most lethal for native Americans during early encounters with Europeans?
Firearms
Mounted troops
Smallpox
Steel swords
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

9. Spain Portugal France Britain
Which European nation controlled the greatest amount of American territory?
Spain
Portugal
France
Britain
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

10. The term mestizo refers to
the coins that were used in the Aztec empire
an individual of indigenous and European parentage.
the Spanish plantations on which millions of Central and South Americans were enslaved.
the Aztec term for the mysterious disease that devastated their population.
the percentage of silver that went to the Spanish government.

11. The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were the
Maya
Aztecs.
Inca
Tainos.
Chimu.

12. Christopher Columbus’s first plan was
to build trading posts where merchants could trade with the local population.
to plunder the legendary wealth of the Aztecs.
to form an alliance with the Aztecs against the Inca.
to form an alliance with the French before attacking the Tainos.
to subjugate the native population as a slave race for the Spanish.

13. The encomenderos were
Aztec priests who viewed the Spanish as visiting gods.
Spanish settlers.
the first society of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish.
the Spanish administrative officials who ruled over the colonies and reported back to Spain.
individuals of indigenous and European parentage

14. Hernán Cortés was responsible for the conquest of the
A. Tainos. B. Chimu. C. Inca. D. Aztecs. E. Moche.

15. The conquistador who conquered the Inca was
A. Balboa. B. Cortes. C. Cabral. D. Magellan. E. Pizarro.

16. The conquistadores
A. established empires in Central and South America that lasted until the eighteenth century. B. lost control because of a bloody battle between the forces of Cortés and Pizarro. C. eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish crown. D. eventually died of the very same smallpox that they had unwittingly introduced to the Americas. E. in turn were defeated by French forces

17. The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were
A. Lima and Chanchan. B. Mexico City and Cuzco. C. Lima and Mexico City. D. Tenochtitlan and Mexico City. E. Cuzco and Tehnochtitlan.

18. The power of the viceroys was checked by reviews led by
A. the mestizo. B. the zambos. C. the encomiendas. D. the Spanish king himself. E. the audiencias.

19. Brazil was spotted in 1500 by the Portuguese mariner
a. Dias.
b. de Gama.
c. Cabral.
d. Cook.
e. Magellan.

20. Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony ?
A. Plymouth B. Jamestown C. Port Royal D. New York E. Quebec

21. The English colony of Jamestown
was nearly destroyed due to mass starvation.
B. was wildly successful and quickly recouped the original financial investment.
C. mysteriously disappeared during a period when the English were too busy to send aid.
D. served as a remarkably satisfactory location for the Puritans.
E. was burned to the ground during a French invasion.

22. Which of the following was not true of the American Indians that the English and French came into contact with?
A. The North American Indians did not have large, centralized states like the Aztecs and Inca.
B. The North American Indians did not live in densely populated areas.
C. The Indians practiced agriculture, but moved frequently in pursuit of game.
D. The Indians lived in dozens of distinct societies.
E. The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans did.

23. Cabeza de Vaca A. was the conquistador who conquered the Maya.
B. established the first Spanish government in the Americas.
C. was the first mestizo in the Americas.
D. converted thousands of Indians to Christianity.
E. was a slave under Indian control for eight years.