1. MGT601 SME MANAGEMENT

2. Training and Development
Lesson 28
Training and Development

3. Chapter Learning Objectives
This lecture deals with;
Training
Development
Training and Development
Objectives of Training
Methods of Training
Evaluating Training Needs in Small Business

4. Training
The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies.

5. Development
Development: It focuses upon the activities that the organization employing the individual, or that the individual is part of, may partake in the future, and is almost impossible to evaluate.

6. Training and Development
In the field of human resource management, training and development is the field which is concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. It has been known by several names, including human resource development, and learning and development.

7. Objectives of Training
1. To improve job performance.
2. To develop employees for new responsibilities.
3. To prepare employees for promotion.
4. To reduce accidents and wastage.
5. To instruct in the operation of new equipment.
6. To ensure management succession.

8. Continued…
The entrepreneur is moulded in thinking in a groovy fashion.
Training is not a one time job. It is a rather continuous process.
Training seeks to upgrade an employee’s knowledge to keep abreast of changes in competitive business environment and prepare for advancement to challenging opportunities.

9. Continued…
Before initiating a training Programme, the owner/manager should ascertain as to what training would induct change. Change herein implies the attainment of improved ability. The change should benefit both individual and organization.

10. The change should occur in the following five areas:-
1. Knowledge It refers to the storage of information by an individual for use in problem-solving and decision-making. Greater the amount of knowledge, better equipped shall be a person to accomplish a job.
2. Attitude It is a state of mind which creates an urge to work for personal and organizational growth.

11. Continued…
3. Ability It is the proficiency in performance of a given task.
4. Job Performance It measures how well the individual meets the requirements of a position.
5. Operational Results These indicate how well the organization has been able to achieve its objectives and goals.

12. Conditions Facilitating Training and Development in Small Business
1. Existence of a board that insist on management succession program and its follow up.
2. Steady growth of company which stimulates the need to prepare staff for foreseeable change.
3. Recognition of need for training by the entrepreneur who devotes his time and energy towards it.
4. Freedom given by entrepreneur to young executive to new experiment with new ideas and accept risk connected with it.
5. Degree of delegation of responsibilities.

13. Methods of Training 1. On-the-Job Training
It is the most practical and most often used technique in small business. Depending on the complexity of task and experience level of the employee, the training may vary from few hours to several days.

14. On-the-Job Training is given in three phases.
a. Demonstration The job is demonstrated and each stage is explained. It is done slowly so that trainee can ask questions as well as provide feedback on his understanding of work procedure.
b. Performance i.e. the employee applies what he has learned in the preceding.
c. Inspection of work Inspection of work of employee is to provide immediate reinforcement of correct method of performance.

15. 2. Apprenticeship Training
Apprenticeship training is the from of training that combines both formal classroom learning and on-the-job training experience particularly in technical cadres.

16. 3. Job Rotation
It is particularly beneficial in the case of small companies wherein each employee has through understanding of different functions. Employees are moved from job to job for few days. It helps employees combat the problem of monotony and boredom because of varied work experience.

17. Group Training Through Conference Method
Major advantage of this technique is that participant has opportunity to express their viewpoint and share their experiences through a discussion of a common problem.

18. 4. Heir Apparent Technique
In it, entrepreneur identifies the person to be trained for management succession. He is encouraged to learn every facet of company’s functioning. He is rotated trough various positions of the company and is gradually given increasing responsibility.

19. 5. Off the Company Premises Training
It includes:
a. University & Technical College.
b. Correspondence Course.
c. Training Films.

20. Evaluating Training Needs in Small Business
The evaluation of training needs in a small business can be done by asking the following.
1. What are the objectives of training?
2. What do employees need to learn?
3. How much will the program cost?

21. Continued…. 4. What will be the method of instruction?
5. What kind of physical facilities would be needed?
6. What shall be the duration of training?
7. Who will conduct training?
8. How will effectiveness of program be measured?

22. Thanks you
Happy Learning,
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