1. Training for Moderators
Canadian Council for Refugees

2. Power, Privilege, Inclusion, Powerlessness, Oppression, Exclusion
Power and privilege are part of the social structures in which we all participate, and we all are at times advantaged or disadvantaged by these power imbalances.
We are all affected by power imbalances, sometimes negatively and sometimes positively.
Power imbalances create situations of privilege that inherently favour some and disadvantage others

3. Privilege that negatively affects those not in a position of power is oppression.
Much of the power of privilege comes from its invisibility – it seems normal and even natural.
Different power imbalances cause forms of oppression that interlock to make individuals’ experiences different.

4. The oppression may be felt as negative attitudes towards her/his skin colour, religion, ethnic identity, gender, sexual orientation, language skills, education, physical limitations, etc.
Systemic responses to individuals affect entire groups within our society
Exclusion is the result of power imbalances.

5. Examples of privilege leading to oppression:
Area of Privilege
Who is privileged?
Examples of how you are privileged.
Colour
White
A whole array of benefits in this society including:
Being given the benefit of the doubt
Not subjected to racial profiling
Gender
Men
You benefit from a whole array of privileges throughout society. E.g. political and corporate leaders, higher wage levels…
Language
English as a first language
You are able to understand and express yourself without any special effort. You may presume that French-speakers should make the effort to speak English. Believe that newcomers should learn English in order to participate.

6. Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual
You don’t fear that your sexual orientation may be discovered.
Religion
Christians
Christianity is reflected all around us.
Physical Ability
Able bodied
No need to worry about how you will get to the meeting room or reach the microphone. You will be able to see and hear what takes place.
Experience in the CCR
Long experience and involvement
You know how to move forward an issue within the organization.
Knowledge of refugee and immigration law and policies
People with lots of knowledge
You can understand some points more quickly than others, and may assume that you don’t need to listen to others.

7. Civil servants are welcome too!
At a CCR consultation, government reps may feel in the minority.
Criticism of policies must not undermine respectful attitudes towards all individuals.

8. Responses to Oppression in Workshops
At all times, be aware of power dynamics and difference, and be prepared to support the person(s) who is marginalized/has less power.
Address a concern/issue immediately, and preferably during the session.
Refer to ground rules and the CCR anti-oppression policy.
If necessary, use a ‘timeout’.
The complaints procedure is available if necessary.