1. The invaders
Angles and Saxons

2. The Angles and Saxons: Background
England was abandoned by the Western Roman Empire around the 5th Century AD (CE)
The land was now occupied by native peoples, such as the Celts, Britons, Picts, and Scotti
Around the 5th Century CE (AD) the Angles and Saxons would come to invade this region
Upon request for military aid from the Britons

3. The Angles and Saxons
Anglo-Saxons are descendants of three different Germanic tribes: the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
The Angels and Saxons originated around northern Germany
They migrated from continental Europe to England around the 5th Century CE (AD)

4. The Angles and Saxons
The Anglo-Saxon period began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ended with the Norman conquest in AD (CE)
The Anglo-Saxon period marks the development of an English nation
Development of regional governments (shires and hundreds)
Re-establishment of Christianity
Introduction of “Old English”
Literary achievements (ex. Beowulf)

5. The invaders
The Magyars

6. The Magyars: Background
The Magyars developed sometime between BCE (BC)
Their place of origin isn’t precisely known, but they originated around the Ural Mountains
Separates Europe and Asia
The modern-nation of Hungary traces its origins back to the Magyars

7. The Magyars
The Magyars migrated from central Asia and settled around modern-day Hungary between the 6th-9th Centuries CE (AD)
The Magyars expanded west into France and Italy with aid from Constantinople
In 955 CE (AD), they were repelled by the king of Germany, Otto I, and were forced back to the Hungarian Plains

8. The invaders
The Vikings

9. The Vikings: Background
The Vikings originated around Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden Finland)
Between CE (AD) many Scandinavians left their home-land in pursuit of wealth and resources, they became known as the Vikings
The Vikings would go on to raid, trade, and settle much of Europe
England, France, Iceland, Greenland, and Russia
A large mass of Vikings migrated from Scandinavia to Russia

10. The Vikings
The Vikings migrated and raided due to overpopulation and their desire for the increasing wealth in Europe
The Vikings used their longboats and expertise in navigation to raid villages/towns and monasteries along rivers and seas
The Vikings would quickly raid areas and then flee before help could arrive

11. The Vikings: Fall of Viking Power
Like the Angles and Saxons, the end of Viking dominance was marked by the rise in power of William I and the Normans
Viking culture was absorbed into the Christian culture of Europe during the end of the 11th Century CE (AD)

12. The Vikings: Religion
Viking religion or Norse mythology was polytheistic
Considered a pagan religion (it did not represent the beliefs of Abraham)
Religion and warfare were connected
Those who died in battle went to paradise
Swords/weapons were named and were believed to have magical powers

13. The Vikings: Religion
The gods and giants were constantly at odds and fighting with one another
Thor was the only god who could match the giants in strength
Gods such as Odin (one-eyed god of wisdom; sort of like Zeus) and Loki (trickster god) relied on their cunning to defend against the giants
Overtime the Vikings began to convert to Christianity
Benefitted trade relationships
Intermarriage
Peaceful political relationships

14. Medieval Invaders Map:
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15. The Influence of Invaders
Invasions disrupted the social, economic, and political order of Europe
Invaders strengthened the feudal system by:
Disrupting trade and destroying towns
Forcing people onto manors, which had castles for protection