1. The Brain WALT That there are distinct areas of the brain
That each area has a different function

2. Structure of The Brain
Longitudinal section through a human brain

3. Regions and Functions of the Brain
- The brain is divided into 3 regions:
the forebrain, midbrain & the hindbrain

4. 1. The Forebrain
The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected by nerve fibres
The surface is folded to increase the surface area for increased co-ordination
This is the centre for thinking, memory, reasoning, imagination, learning & voluntary actions

5. Map of the major regions of the cerebral cortex and their functions

6. Areas of the brain sensory areas receive impulses from the receptors;
removal of these areas results in loss of the senses
motor areas send impulses to the effectors; if these areas are damaged, no responses will be evoked;
association areas correlate impulses from different receptors and assist in producing the appropriate responses

8. The Midbrain This includes the optic lobes for vision
The floor is the hypothalamus essential for homeostasis:
main controlling region for the autonomic nervous system;
two centres (sympathetic & parasympathetic);
controls complex patterns of behaviour such as feeding, sleeping;
monitor composition of blood;
acts as an endocrine gland

9. The Hindbrain
The cerebellum: a centre for muscular co ordination and body balance
The medullar oblongata: This is the reflex centre for controlling involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and salivation;
Any damage of the medulla oblongata may lead to death

10. Internal Structure of the Brain
-The grey matter: This is the outer layer of the brain and consists of nerve cell bodies only
-The white matter: This is inside the brain and consists of nerve fibres only
Remember--This is the reverse of the medulla oblongata & spinal cord, the distribution of grey and white matters is the reverse with the grey matter inside and the whiote matter outside

11. Comparison of Endocrine and Nervous Systems Endocrine system
Communication: chemical messengers or hormones
Communication: by nervous impulses
Transmission: by blood stream
Transmission: by nerve fibres
Target organ receives message
Effector receives message
Transmission: relatively slow
Transmission: very rapid
Effect: widespread
Effect: localized
Response: slow
Response: rapid
Response is often long-term
Response is short-lived
Effect: permanent & irreversible
Effect: temporary and reversible