1. CASE: SOIL BUNDS IN PAKISTAN
6.7
CASE: SOIL BUNDS IN PAKISTAN

2. SOIL BUNDS: MOST COMMON WAY OF DIVERTING WATER
Diversion cum guide bunds:
In upper part of river, where slope is higher, water force is higher and there are mainly gravel and coarse sand deposits
Crossbunds cum guide bunds:
In lower part of the river, more gentle slopes, sandy-loamy deposits, water velocity is less

3. SOIL BUNDS: DIMENSIONS OF SAD/GANDIS IN DI KHAN
Length
Height
Width
Draban Zam
(in mtr)
Sad Swad
351
3.2
10.4
Sad Rabnawaz
754
7.0
12.0
Sad Dinga
330
1.9
15.1
Chaudwan Zam
Gandi Abdullah
178
8.0
14.0
Gandi Booki
1350
3.0
Gandi Mullawali 87
4.5
Source: Khan and Marwat, 2004

4. Constructing soil bunds

5. Constructing soil bunds
Location:
Determined by lay of the land
Manage water levels and avoid overflow/ flooding
In case of cross bund - preferably at angle, try to dissipate energy
In case of cross bund -may have upstream offtakes too
Construction
Look for good loamy soil – avoid gravel and sand
Avoid saline soil and do rat control – to prevent piping
Develop layer by layer
Compaction with bulldozer driving across the bund
Protect against animal tresspassing
Protect with some vegetation and brushwood
Special issue
Often flood channels are not well maintained and silted up causing pressure on the soil bunds

6. SOIL BUNDS: MAINTENANCE

7. SOIL BUNDS: MAINTENANCE
Bulldozer
Tractor
CCA
Draban Zam
(hrs)
(ha)
Sad Swad
410
620
666
Sad Rabnawaz
1000
800
1538
Sad Dinga
400
230
820
Chaudwan Zam
Gandi Abdullah
500
644
Gandi Booki
880
1200
769
Gandi Mullawali 20
256
Source: Khan and Marwat, 2004

8. Reinforcing earthen bunds:
Gabions

9. Reinforcing earthen bunds: plastic sheeting
Material
Black polyethelene plastic
micron
Cost 0.35 USD/m2
Construction
Avoid puncture
Use steps to contruct to
Avoid slippage
Anchor at toe and head
Cover with 50 cm soil