1. later joined by the transportation team – Randy Katz et al.
Smart Cities
Dagstuhl Feb 24, 2015
Participants: Kai Heussen, Hanno Hildmann, Longbo Huang, Milan Milenkovic (moderator), Johanna Myrzik, Jose Rivera, Misha Schmidt, Hans-Peter Schwefel, Joachim Sokol, …
later joined by the transportation team – Randy Katz et al.

2. Outline – major categories
Definition/attributes
Use cases
Barriers and drivers
Research topics and challenges
Misc

3. Smart City – definition/attributes
Informed (ICT: sensed, open data, crowdsourcing), data-based decisions and operations
citizens + government
<adaptive infrastructure>
Social component – network (ICT)
Holistic view – based on the above
Real-time sensing and reaction to events
Metrics, objectives, criteria
Quality of life
Efficiency – energy, transportation, operations
Safety
Resilient
Sharing economy?

4. Governance Economic Competiveness Compe- tiveness Environment
Job opportunities
Attract skilled workforce
Municipal finances
Infrastructure
Regulation
Processes and Administration
Compe-
tiveness
Environment
Resource efficiency
Availability of information
Abate Co2 emissions
Waste treatment
Behavior and consumer
culture
Ensure air and water
quality
Quality of Living
Implement suitable infrastructure
Access to affordable healthcare
Good education resources
Good offerings for leisure time
Ensure social equity
Food / Goods supply
Mobility offerings
Safety
What is the situation?
Cities are economic centers in a globalized economy.
Urbanization makes more than 50% of the population to live in cities looking for good quality of live and prosperity.
Demographic change result in new needs for the citizens and challenges infrastructure
Climate Change is a fact. Cities are responsible for 75% of world’s energy use and produce more than 80% of all greenhouse gas emissions, mostly CO2.
Energy efficiency and CO2 abatement are the dominant drivers wrt sustainable urban development
Overall, city decision makers have to balance the competitiveness of their city with the environment and quality of live for their citizens while practicing good governance as an overarching principle to make their city sustainable. Citizens need to recognize that behavioral change is a key to become more sustainable.
A top concern is “what is feasible” and “how to prioritize” among the many options available to make a city more sustainable.
Governance
Environment
Quality of Living 4 4

5. Use Cases Energy efficiency Security, crime (prevention)
buildings – commercial and residential
Security, crime (prevention)
Transportation
public
multimodal, commuting
real-time tracking
sharing here?
Emergency (response)
Water usage, conservation
Maintenance, repair
potholes, water breaks
Air quality monitoring

6. Use cases, p2 Citizen participation Shared transportation
input, communicate with government and each other
crowdsourcing info, e.g. traffic app
Shared transportation
bicycles, electric cars, zipcars
Smart parking
Smart lighting
Crowd control
including prediction of human (group) behavior
(business) attractiveness

7. Barriers and Drivers IOT/ICT infrastructure cost and complexity
administrative and organizational “silos” in city administration
privacy concerns
security
digital divide
ownership of (existing) infrastructure
existing (age of) infrastructure
local culture (affinity: sharing, computers)
level of education
social and economic divide
demographic – age distribution
legislation
communications – mobile/cellular data communication for sensors
data ownership

8. Research topics and challenges, p1
Near-term research goals (2 years out)
concepts for integrated or federated (evolution of) computing infrastructure
standards – data and meta-data interoperable formats
Common set of (generic) use cases S
meta-data requirements and format
Cross-silo integration at service level for (collaboration) infrastructure
big data – storage and analytics : access to multi-domain data sources
open standards for IoT sensing
simulations / planning studies – demonstrate impact of changes
to be done in advance before engagement, multi-dimensional

9. Research topics and challenges, p2
Mid-term research goals (5 years out)
Integrated or federated computing infrastructure –
“smart city” platform and service-level interoperability demonstration
federation of “smart city” services listed earlier
standards – data and meta-data interoperable formats
understood, tested and (widely?) deployed
linkage between ICT and energy / water / transport sensing infrastructure
big data – holistic data processing – including social media and consumer
big-data driven control & operator support
(common) reference architecture for end-to-end system
including interoperable data and metadata formats
real-time stream processing vs. batch processing
distributed vs. centralized processing
computing and communication, tradeoff
legislation and security, privacy
energy footprint for IoT and data
“Smart city emergency/disaster response training center”

10. Research topics and challenges, p3
Long-term research goals (10 years out)
Modular (multi-vendor) smart-city platform that supports full interoperability and (third party) cross-domain application and service deployment
big data - based real-time action/control (closed loop, policy driven)
(common) reference architecture for end-to-end system with distributed data processing, storage, and analytics (?)