1. Combined Outcome of Three Reviews of CLTSH in Ethiopia
Authors of Presentation: Jane Bevan, Rural WASH Manager, UNICEF Ethiopia and Zufan Abera Damtew, Director Health Extension and Primary Health service Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
Country: Ethiopia
Copyright Colin Purrington (
Ethiopia Country Context
Study 1
Elements of success
Ethiopia has the highest OD
reduction rate globally
Scale up CLTSH promotion through the
strong HEW network
OneWASH SWAP in Ethiopia for
greater coordination and partnership
National Sanitation Marketing
Strategy flagship programme of MoH
Ambitious National targets
UNICEF Review: Qualitative and Quantitative rural survey in 8 Regions (Tigray, Amhara, SNNP, Oromia, Benishangul, Gambella, Afar, Somali)
24 Woredas (Districts), 3,168 Households
Findings:
OD Continues to reduce (32%)
Coverage is highly variable between regions
Most toilets are unimproved (89%)
Handwashing is limited (19%)
Total Population: 98,942,000
Urban Population: 19,266,000 (19%)
Urban Population growth: 4.8%
Population Density: 99 per km2
Gini Co-efficient: 32
GNI per capita (USD): 590
Income classification: Low income
Population below international poverty line of US$1.90 per day: 29.6%
Stunting: 38%
Under-5 Mortality: 64
Life expectancy at birth: 64.5
Hazards: Chronic drought situation
Sources: World Bank Databank, UNICEF Data
Map
Challenges
Regional Breakdown of Sanitation Coverage
CLTSH Survey 2016
Health Sector Transformation Plan, Sanitation goal: 82% access to improved latrines and 82% ODF Kebeles
SDG Targets:
Universal ‘safely managed’ sanitation coverage by 2030
Challenges: humanitarian crises – chronic drought, AWD outbreak – divert partners and resources from development activities
Sanitation in Ethiopia
SDG Baseline 2017
Joint Findings and Implications
The reviews found 93% of new coverage is unimproved
Sanitation Marketing needed to diversify products available – local DIY solutions preferable
Focus on behaviour change for handwashing
Regional sanitation planning needed for realistic goals
Pastoralist regions need additional support linked with humanitarian response
Baby WASH – new component to address nutrition impact – focus on child faeces disposal, infant hygiene, safe play areas
Study 2
GSF Review: Qualitative and Quantitative rural survey in the better performing 4 Regions (Tigray, Amhara, SNNP, Oromia)
22 Woredas, 2,100 Households
Findings:
Latrine utilization is half that of access (45%)
Only 7% of toilets are improved
Handwashing is limited (25%)
Next steps
Ongoing regional sanitation planning
Continue marketing support and promotion for
range of products including plastic Satopan
Integrate Baby WASH into all
programmes
Support national monitoring for
Improved/safely managed
Integration of urban sanitation
Study 3
CRAP Review: Qualitative CLTS Rapid Appraisal Protocol led by Kamal Kar (April 2016)
Findings:
Major regional disparities
Limited post-ODF follow up
Need regional road maps for ODF
* No safely managed estimates available