1. The pronunciation of Slovenian proper nouns in German pronunciation dictionaries
The 3rd Workshop on Slovenian Phonology
Luka Horjak (University of Ljubljana)

2. Introduction 1. History of German pronunciation dictionaries
2. Phonemic system of Standard German
3. German pronunciation rules
4. Transcription of German pronunciation dictionaries
5. Analysis of Slovenian proper nouns in two German pronunciation dictionaries

3. History of German pronunciation dictionaries

4. Phonemic system of standard German
The monophthongs: /iː/ (Miete) – /ɪ/ (Mitte), /eː/ (legen) – /ɛː/ (Käthe) – /ɛ/ (Kette), /aː/ (raten) – /a/ (Ratten), /oː/ (Sohlen) – /ɔ/ (sollen), /uː/ (spuken) – /ʊ/ (spucken), /yː/ (Fühler) –/ʏ/ (Füller), /øː/ (Höhle) – /œ/ (Hölle).
The diphthongs: /aɛ̯/ (breit), /aɔ̯/ (Braut), /ɔœ̯/ (Bräute)

5. Lexeme
DUDEN 2015
DAWB
mein (my)
maɪ̯n
maɛ̯n
Haus (house)
haʊ̯s
haɔ̯s
heute (today)
ˈhɔɪ̯tə
ˈhɔœ̯tə

6. Nasal vowels
[ɑ̃ː] or [ɑ̃]: Nuance (shade) [ny̆ˈɑ̃ːsə], Ensemble (together) [ɑ̃sˈɑ̃ːbl̩]
[ɛ̃ː] or [ɛ̃]: Refrain [ʁefʁ̥ˈɛ̃ː], Impromptu (sudden) [ɛ̃pʁ̥õtˈyː]
[õː] or [õ]: pardon [paʁdˈõː], Bonmot (witty remark) [bõmˈoː]
[œ̃ː] or [œ̃]: Parfum [paʁfˈœ̃ː] Verdun [vɛʁdˈœ̃ː]

7. Consonants Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Glottal
Plosive
p b
t d
k ɡ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative
f v
s z
ʃ ʒ
ç j ʁ h
Approximant
Lateral Approximant l

8. Dorsal assimilation: /ç/ -> [x]/ [uː ʊ oː ɔ ɔː aː a aɔ̯] ___
The German /ʁ/
Fricative [ʁ] is pronounced before vowels (Beruf [bəʁˈuːf] profession), after a voiced plosive or fricative before vowel (grün [gʁyːn] green).
Reduced [ʁ] is pronounced after the short vowel (Herr [hɛʁ] mister) and after the long a (Notar [notˈaːʁ] notary).
Devoiced fricative [ʁ̥] is pronounced after the voiceless Consonant (froh [fʁ̥oː] happy).
Syllabic [ɐ] is pronounced in unstressed prefix <er-> (erleben [ɐlˈeːbm̩] to experience) and in unstressed prefix <-er> (Vater [fˈaːtɐ] father)
Unsyllabic [ɐ] is pronounced after a long vowel, but not after the long a (Meer [meːɐ] sea) and in stressed prefix <her-> (herstellen [hˈeːɐʃtɛln̩] to produce).

9. German pronunciation norm – Long stressed vowels
The length of the vowels can be predicted from the orthography:
When two vowels are written: <aa, ee, oo>: Haar (hair), Tee (tea), Moor (bog)
Lengthening h in the final position, between the vowels, and before the consonants <r, l, m, n>: <ih, eh, ah, oh, uh, üh, öh, äh>: früh (early), sehen (to see), Ehre (honor), wohnen (to live).
When written as <ie>: Biene (bee), Liebe (love)

10. German pronunciation norm – Long stressed vowels
The length cannot be predicted from the orthography:
Stressed open syllable: haben (to have), rufen (to call)
Stressed relative open syllable: Gebet-e (prayer), Flug-¨e (flight), schön- e (beautiful). The sylallable is at first closed, but can be opened if we decline the word.
When the basic (grammar) form has a long vowel: gibst (2. P., sing., pres.), gibt (3. p., sing., pres.) – geben (to give), atmen (to breathe) – Atem (breathing)
Some monosyllabic words: wir (we), er (he), für (for)
“Siebs”-rules (or Exceptions): Mond (moon), Erde (earth), suchen (to search)

11. German pronunciation norm – Short stressed vowels
The vowel is short before a consonant cluster: stellen (to place), küssen (to kiss), können (to be able to), Atilla, Lotto (lottery), Parkett (parquet), Opfer (victim), ordnen (to organise), jetzt (now), selbst (myself)

12. German pronunciation norm – Consonants
In the word and syllable final position are voiced plosives pronounced as voiceless.
When two the same consonants on the syllabic boundary appear, is only one pronounced: annähern [ˈan͜nɛːɐn], am Meer [am‿ˈmeːɐ]
Progressive Assimilation: After the voiceless final segment on the word or syllable boundary a voiced plosive or fricative is devoiced.
[p t k f pf s ts tʃ ʃ ç x] | [b̥ d̥ g̊ v̥ z̥ ʒ̊ j̊ ʁ̥]

13. Differences in the transcription
Example
DUDEN (2015)
DAWB
Diphthongs
mein (my)
maɪ̯n
maɛ̯n
Haus (house)
haʊ̯s
haɔ̯s
heute (today)
'hɔɪ̯tə
ˈhɔœ̯tə
Vowels in unstressed final position
Anna
'ana
ˈanaː
Auto (car)
'aʊ̯to
ˈaɔ̯toː
Uhu (eagle owl)
'u:hu
ˈuːhuː
Taxi
'taksi
tˈaksiː
R-Allophones
Rot (red)
ro:t
ʁoːt
Preis (price)
praɪ̯s
pʁ̥aɛ̯s
Ort (place)
ɔrt
ɔʁt
Meer (sea)
me:ɐ̯
meːɐ
erzählen (to tell)
ɛɐ̯'tsɛ:lən
ɐtsˈɛːln
Vater (father)
'fa:tɐ
fˈaːtɐ
Progressive assimilation
obwohl (although)
ɔp'vo:l
ɔpv̥ˈoːl
zwei (two)
'tsvaɪ̯
tsv̥aɛ̯

14. Analysis of Slovenian proper nouns in two German pronunciation dictionaries
DAWB (2009): 43 Slovenian proper nouns
DUDEN (2015): 101 proper nouns
Surnames: Adamič, Albrecht, Aškerc, Bevk, Blajvajs, Bohorič, Bor, Cankar, Cerar, Cojz, Čop, Dalmatin, Dolinar, Erjavec, Finžgar, Gaj, Globokar, Govekar, Gradnik, Gregorčič, Ingolič, Jakopič, Jama, Jenko, Jurčič, Kardelj, Kersnik, Kette, Kocbek, Kopitar, Korošec, Kos, Kosmač, Kosovel, Kozak, Kranjec, Kreft, Kučan, Levstik, Lipuš, Miklošič, Murn, Pahor, Petan, Plečnik, Prešeren, Prežihov, Ramovš, Stritar, Šubic, Tavčar, Trubar, Vidmar, Vodnik, Vraz, Zamometič (?), Zlobec, Župančič.
Names: Borut, Miro.
Slovenian regions: Dolenjsko, Gorenjsko, Kranjska, Prekmurje.
Towns: Bled, Bohinj, Celje, Jesenice, Kobarid, Kočevje, Koper, Krško, Laško, Lipica, Ljubelj, Ljubljana, Ljutomer, Maribor, Nova Gorica, Piran, Planica, Portorož, Postojna, Ptuj, Rimske Toplice, Rogaška Slatina, Škocjan, Škofja Loka, Toplice, Trbovlje, Tržič, Velenje, Videm-Krško (parish), Vipava.
Rivers: Drava, Kolpa, Krka, Mura, Sava, Soča.
Mountains: Triglav.
Country: Slovenija.

15. Stress Lexeme DAWB (2009) DUDEN (2015) IPA, nom. sing. IPA, gen. sing.
Kosmač
kˈɔsmatʃ
kɔs'ma:tʃ
kɔsˈmatʃ
kɔsˈmatʃa
Kozak
kˈɔzak
kɔ'za:k
kɔˈzak
kɔˈzaka

16. Vowels kˈɪʁkaː 'kərka ˈkərka ˈkərkɛ kˈɪʁʃkɔː 'kərʃkɔ ˈkərʃkɔ ˈkərʃkɛga
Krleža kroat. [kˈɪʁlɛʒaː], Krk kroat. [kɪʁk], Krkonoše tschech. [kˈiʁkɔnoʃə]
[ɪʁ]
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Krka
kˈɪʁkaː
'kərka
ˈkərka
ˈkərkɛ
Krško
kˈɪʁʃkɔː
'kərʃkɔ
ˈkərʃkɔ
ˈkərʃkɛga

17. Vowels - Quality tʃo:p tʃɔp ˈtʃɔpa gʁɛgˈɔʁtʃɪtʃ ɡrɛ'ɡo:rtʃitʃ
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Čop
tʃo:p
tʃɔp
ˈtʃɔpa
Gregorčič
gʁɛgˈɔʁtʃɪtʃ
ɡrɛ'ɡo:rtʃitʃ
grɛˈgortʃitʃ
grɛˈgortʃitʃa
Kočevje
kɔtʃˈɛ.vʝə
kɔ'tʃe:vjɛ
kɔˈtʃeu̯jɛ
kɔˈtʃeu̯ja
Pahor
pa'xo:r
ˈpaxɔr
ˈpaxɔrja
Škocjan
ʃkˈoːtsʝ̊an
'ʃko:tsjan
ˈʃkɔtsjan
ʃkɔtsˈjana
Trbovlje
tər'bo:vljɛ
tərˈbɔu̯ljɛ
tərˈbɔʋəlʲ
Velenje
vɛlˈeːnʝə
vɛ'le:njɛ
ʋɛˈlɛnjɛ
ʋɛˈlɛnja
Zlobec
zlˈoːbɛts
'zlo:bɛts
ˈzlɔbəts

18. Vowels – Quantity, Stressed vowels
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Aškerc
ˈaʃkɛʁts
'a:ʃkɛrts
ˈaʃkərts
ˈaʃkərtsa
Ingolič
ˈɪŋgɔlɪtʃ
'i:ŋɡɔlitʃ
iŋgɔlitʃ
ˈiŋgɔlitʃa
Jurčič
ʝˈʊʁtʃɪtʃ
'ju:rtʃitʃ
ˈjurtʃitʃ
ˈjurtʃitʃa
Kosovel
kɔsɔ've:l
ˈkosɔʋel
ˈkosɔʋela
Miklošič
mˈɪklɔʃɪtʃ
'miklɔʃitʃ
ˈmiklɔʃitʃ
ˈmiklɔʃitʃa
Vidmar
'vidmar
ˈʋidmar
ˈʋidmarja
Župančič
ʒʊpˈantʃɪtʃ
ʒuˈpa:ntʃitʃ
ʒuˈpantʃitʃ
ʒuˈpantʃitʃa

19. Vowels – Quantity, Unstressed vowels
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Aškerc
ˈaʃkɛʁts
'a:ʃkɛrts
ˈaʃkərts
ˈaʃkərtsa
Ingolič
ˈɪŋgɔlɪtʃ
'i:ŋɡɔlitʃ
iŋgɔlitʃ
ˈiŋgɔlitʃa
Jurčič
ʝˈʊʁtʃɪtʃ
'ju:rtʃitʃ
ˈjurtʃitʃ
ˈjurtʃitʃa
Kosovel
kɔsɔ've:l
ˈkosɔʋel
ˈkosɔʋela
Miklošič
mˈɪklɔʃɪtʃ
'miklɔʃitʃ
ˈmiklɔʃitʃ
ˈmiklɔʃitʃa
Vidmar
'vidmar
ˈʋidmar
ˈʋidmarja
Župančič
ʒʊpˈantʃɪtʃ
ʒuˈpa:ntʃitʃ
ʒuˈpantʃitʃ
ʒuˈpantʃitʃa

20. Consonants 'bɔ:xinj ˈbɔxinʲ bɔˈxinja dɔlˈeːnskɔː dɔ'le:njskɔ
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Bohinj
'bɔ:xinj
ˈbɔxinʲ
bɔˈxinja
Dolenjsko
dɔlˈeːnskɔː
dɔ'le:njskɔ
dɔˈlenʲskɔ
dɔˈlenʲskɛɡa
Gorenjsko
gɔʁˈeːnskɔ
ɡɔ're:njskɔ
gɔˈrenʲskɔ
gɔˈrenʲskɛɡa
Kardelj
kar'de:lj
karˈdelʲ
karˈdelja
Kranjska
'kra:jnska
ˈkranʲska
ˈkranʲskɛ
Ljubelj
lju'be:lj
ljuˈbelʲ
ljuˈbelja
Erjavec
ɛr'ʒa:vɛts
ɛrˈjaʋəts / ɛrˈjaʋɛts
ɛrˈjaʋtsa

21. Consonants - Voicing ble:d blet ˈbleda tso:jz tsojs ˈtsojza kɔbaʁˈiːt
Lexeme
DAWB (2009)
DUDEN (2015)
IPA, nom. sing.
IPA, gen. sing.
Bled
ble:d
blet
ˈbleda
Cojz
tso:jz
tsojs
ˈtsojza
Kobarid
kɔbaʁˈiːt
kɔba'ri:d
kɔbaˈrit
kɔbaˈrida
Kocbek
kˈɔtsb̥ɛk
'kɔdzbɛk
ˈkodzbɛk
Portorož
pɔrtɔ'ro:ʒ
pɔrtɔˈroʃ
pɔrtɔˈroʒa
Vraz
vra:z
ʋras
ˈʋraza

22. Conclusion
Corrected transcriptions will be sent to Germany …