1. Long lasting change in behavior due to experience.
Learning
Long lasting change in behavior due to experience.

2. Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Studied Digestion of Dogs.
Dogs would salivate before they were given food (triggered by sounds, lights etc…)
Dogs must have LEARNED to salivate.
Click above to see about Pavlov

3. Classical Conditioning
This is passive learning (automatic…learner does NOT have to think).
First thing you need is a unconditional relationship.
Unconditional Stimulus (UCS)- something that elicits a natural, reflexive response.
Unconditional Response (UCR)- response to the UCS.

4. Classical Conditioning
Next you find a neutral stimulus (something that by itself elicits no response).
You present the stimulus with the UCS a whole bunch of times.

5. Classical Conditioning
After a while, the body begins to link together the neutral stimulus with the UCS.
Acquisition

6. Classical Conditioning
We know learning takes places when the previously neutral stimulus elicits a response.
At this point the neutral stimulus is called the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditional response becomes the conditioned response (CR).

7. Classical Conditioning
We know learning exists because the CS is linked to the UCS.
This is called ACQUISITION.
Acquisition does not last forever.
The moment the CS is no longer associated with the UCS, we have EXTINCTION.

8. Popular Classical Conditioning Examples
See if you can identify the UCS, UCR, CS and CR.
Classical Conditioning as portrayed in The Office.

9. Timing Matters
Delayed Conditioning: present CS, while CS is still there, present UCS.
Simultaneous Conditioning: CS and UCS are presented at the same time.
Backward Conditioning: UCS is presented, then CS is presented.

10. Spontaneous Recovery
Sometimes, after extinction, the CR still randomly appears after the CS is presented.

11. Generalization and Discrimination
Something so different to the CS so you do not get a CR.

12. Classical Conditioning and Humans
John Watson brought Classical Conditioning to psychology with his Baby Albert experiment.
This type of Classical Conditioning is also known as Aversive Conditioning.

13. First-Order and Second-Order Conditioning
First Order Conditioning.
Bell + meat = salivation.
Bell = Salivation.
Second Order Conditioning
(After first order conditioning has occurred)
Light + Bell = Salivation.
Light = Salivation.

14. Captain Hook Example https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjlSAEgeTo4
Preparedness- we have a predisposition to be conditioned to fear certain items over others
Ex: snakes, bugs, heights, etc
Why? Because these were once a genuine threat to our ancestors

15. Learned Taste Aversions
Martin Seligman & Sauce Bearnaise
When it comes to food being paired with sickness, the conditioning is incredible strong.
Even when food and sickness are hours apart (less stimulus contiguity).
Food must be salient (noticeable.)

16. Garcia and Koelling Study
Studied rats and how they make associations.
Some associations seem to be adaptive. CS
UCS
Learned Response
Loud Noise
Shock
Fear
Radiation (nausea)
Nothing
Sweet Water
Avoid Water

17. Rescorla’s work on predictive value
Group 1 rats- shock (s) and tone (t) paired for 20 trials (100%)
Group 2 rats- (s) and (t) are paired for 20 trials as well but 50% of the time the (s) is presented without the (t)
Can you predict which group is more strongly conditioned?