1. English 1 for management (EA)
Dea Adlina
Lesson 5

2. Apology Phrases

3. Apology and condolence
Apology is done when the speaker made a mistake or inconvenience
Condolence is done when the speaker wants to express sympathy (feeling sorry)

4. Example Apology Condolence I am sorry for keeping you waiting.
Please accept our sincere apologies for the oversight.
We apologize for failing to inform you in time.
I very much regret having given you cause for complaint.
I am deeply sorry to hear that.
I was deeply distressed to hear the sudden death of Mr. Arthur.
We were most grieved to hear of her loss.
I offer you my sincere condolences.
Please convey our deep sympathy to Mrs. Tracey and her family.
My staff join me in conveying our sincere sympathy to members of his family.

5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

6. SUMMARY MEANING OF THE ‘IF CLAUSE’ VERB FORM IN THE ‘IF CLAUSE’
VERB FORM IN THE ‘RESULT CLAUSE’
True in the present/future
Simple present
Simple future
If I have enough time, I write to my parents every week.
If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents
Untrue in the present/future
Simple past
Would + simple form (v1)
(c) If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents.
(truth: I don’t have enough time, so I will not write to them)
Untrue in the past
Past perfect (had + v2)
Would have + past participle(v3)
(d) If I had had enough time, I would have written to my parents yesterday.
(truth: I didn’t have enough time, so I didn’t write to them)

7. TRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
First Conditional

8. EXAMPLES sentence function
If I don’t eat breakfast, I always get hungry during class.
Water freezes (will freeze) if the temperature goes below 0⁰C.
If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I will get hungry during class.
If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic
(a) Simple present in ‘result’ to express habitual activity or situation
(b) Simple present or simple future in ‘result’ to express an established, predictable fact
(c) and (d) Simple future in ‘result’ when the sentence concerns a particular activity or situation in the future

9. UNTRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
Second Conditional

10. EXAMPLES sentence function (a) In truth, I don’t teach that class
If I taught the international class, I wouldn’t get many local students.
If he were here right now, he would help us.
If I were you, I would accept their invitation.
(a) In truth, I don’t teach that class
(b) In truth, he is not here right now.
(c) In truth, I am not you.
Note: Were is used for both singular and plural. Was is used in informal speech but considered grammatically unacceptable