1. Article X: The Local Government Units
By: Edwin RB. Gbargaye and Neil Geraldizo Dagohoy

2. Overview History of Decentralization Good governance
Overview of Decentralization in the Philippines
Criteria for the creation of LGU
Overview

3. History of Local Governments
The cities, municipalities, and provinces of today evolved
from the barangays of pre-Spanish times, the pueblos and
cabildos/ayuntamiento of the Spanish colonial days and the townships
of the American regime.

4. Spanish Conquest and Centralism
History of Local
Governments
Spanish Conquest and Centralism
How did decentralization in the beginning helped the Spanish conquistadors to easily ruled out the country?
What became Spanish government reasons in sustaining the decentralization in the Philippines?

5. History of Local Governments
Local Governments during the First Philippine Republic
The importance of local governments was recognized by
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini in their program
of government for the First Philippine Republic. Fillipino leaders
knew that “if a strong and enduring Filipino nation was to be
established, it must be able to maintain itself in all emergencies,
and the whole political fabric must be well founded on an
efficient system of local governments.
The Malolos Constitution provided a separate article on local
government (Title XI, Article 82). Local autonomy was made
explicit in the introductory portion which stipulated that
“the organization and powers of the provincial and municipal
assemblies shall be governed by their respective laws.”

6. History of Local Governments
Local Governments during the American Regime
The Commission’s blueprint for town organization provided
for a President to be elected viva voce by residents of the town
with the approval of the Commanding Officer. His duty
consisted in the establishment of a police force, collection of
taxes, enforcement of regulations on market and sanitation,
establishment of schools, and the provision for lighting
facilities.

7. History of Local Governments The Commonwealth and Centralism
President Quezon, the central figure of the government during
this period, even argued against autonomy in the cities, hinting
that “under the unitary system of government which exists in
the Philippines, the national chief executive does and should
control all local offices.”

8. History of Local Governments Local Governments under the Republic
During Marcos's authoritarian years ( ), a Ministry of
Local Government was instituted to invigorate provincial,
municipal, and barangay governments. But, Marcos's real
purpose was to establish lines of authority that bypassed
provincial governments and ran straight to Malacañang. All
local officials were beholden to Marcos, who could appoint or
remove any provincial governor or town mayor.

9. History of Local Governments Local Governments at present
After the People's Power Revolution, the new Aquino
government decided to replace all the local officials who had
served Marcos. Corazon Aquino delegated this task to her
political ally, Aquilino Pimentel. Pimentel named officers in
charge of local governments all across the nation. Local officials
elected in 1988 were to serve until June 1992, under the
transitory clauses of the new constitution. Thereafter, terms of
office were to be three years, with a three-term limit.
On October 10, 1991, The Local Government Code 1991 (R.A.
7160) was signed into law. This Code ordained an authentic and
workable local autonomy through the devolution of certain
powers from the national government to the local governments.

10. Good Governance

11. Deconcentration
Delegation to semi-autonomous/ parastatal organizations
Decentralization -the process that involves the transfer of planning, decision-making or administrative authority from the central government to its field organizations, local government or nongovernmental organizations.
Transfer of functions from government to nongovernment institutions
Devolution

13. Region
Provinces
Cities
Municipalities
Barangays
NCR - 16 1
1,705
CAR 6 76
1,176 I 4 8
117
3,265 II 5 3 90
2,311
III 7 13
3,102
IV-A
129
4,011
IV-B 2 71
1,458 V
107
3,471 VI
4,051
VII 12
120
3,003

14. Region
Provinces
Cities
Municipalities
Barangays
VIII 6 4
139
4,390 IX 3 5 67
1,904 X 8 85
2,022 XI 44
1,162
XII 45
1,194
XIII (CARAGA) 70
1,310
ARMM 1
117
2,490
TOTAL 80
122
1,512
42,025

15. Source: NSCB 2010

16. Number of Capital Towns, Component Cities and Independent Component Cities
as of June 30, 2010

17. Section 76. of LGC of 1991
Organizational Structure and Staffing Pattern.
Every local government unit shall design and implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern taking into consideration its service requirements and financial capability, subject to the minimum standards and guidelines prescribed by the Civil Service Commission

19. Local Government Units BARANGAY
A barangay (Filipino: baranggay, is the smallest administrative
division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a
village, district or ward.

20. Local Government Units
Municipalities and cities are composed of barangays, and they may be further subdivided into smaller areas called purók (English: zone), and sitio, which is a territorial enclave inside a barangay, especially in rural areas
SEC Role of the Barangay.
- As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.

21. Local Government Units MUNICIPALITY
A municipality (Filipino: bayan; munisipalidad) is a local
government unit in the Philippines. Municipalities are also
called towns (which is actually a better translation of "bayan").

22. Local Government Units
They have been granted corporate personality enabling them
to enact local policies and laws, enforce them, and govern their
jurisdictions. They can enter into contracts and other
transactions through their elected and appointed officials and
can tax. Local Governments have their own executive and
legislative branches and the checks and balances between
these two major branches, along with their separation, are
more pronounced than that of the national government.
The Judicial Branch of the Republic of the Philippines also
caters to the needs of local government units.

23. Local Government Units
A municipality, upon reaching a certain requirements-minimum
population size, and minimum annual revenue-may opt to
become a city. First, a bill must be passed in Congress, then
signed into law by the President and then the residents would
vote in the succeeding plebiscite to accept or reject cityhood.
One benefit in being a city is that the city government gets
more budget, but taxes are much higher than in municipalities.
As of September 30, 2009 there are 1,514 municipalities.
SEC Role of the Municipality.
The municipality, consisting of a group of barangays, serves
primarily as a general purpose government for the coordination
and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.

24. Local Government Units CITY
A city (lungsod, or sometimes siyudad in Filipino and Tagalog)
is a tier of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine
cities are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and
administrative entities is governed by their own specific
charters in addition to the Local Government Code of 1991,
which specifies the administrative structure and political
powers of subnational government entities.

25. Local Government Units
Metro Manila is the largest conurbation or urban
agglomeration in the country, and its official metropolitan area
is composed of the city of Manila plus 15 neighboring cities
and a municipality. Other metropolitan areas are centered
around the cities of Baguio, Dagupan, Angeles, Olongapo,
Batangas, Naga, Cebu, Iloilo, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro, Davao
and Zamboanga City.

26. Local Government Units Classification
The Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160)
classifies all cities into one of three categories:
Highly Urbanized Cities - Cities with a minimum population of
two hundred thousand (200,000) inhabitants, as certified by
the National Statistics Office, and with the latest annual income
of at least Fifty Million Pesos (P50,000,000.00) based on 1991
constant prices, as certified by the city treasurer. There are
currently 33 highly urbanized cities in the Philippines, 16 of
them located in Metro Manila.

27. Local Government Units
Independent Component Cities - Cities whose charters prohibit
their voters from voting for provincial elective officials.
Independent component cities are independent of the province.
There are five such cities: Dagupan, Cotabato, Naga,
Ormoc and Santiago.
Component Cities - Cities which do not meet the above
requirements are considered component cities of the province
in which they are geographically located. If a component city
is located within the boundaries of two (2) or more provinces,
such city shall be considered a component of the province of
which it used to be a municipality.

28. Local Government Units Income classification
Cities are classified according to average annual income based
on the previous 3 calendar years. Effective July 28, 2008 the
thresholds for the income classes for cities are:
Class
Average annual income
First
PHP 400 million or more
Second
PHP 320 million or more but less than PHP 400 million
Third
PHP 240 million or more but less than PHP 320 million
Fourth
PHP 160 million or more but less than PHP 240 million
Fifth
PHP 80 million or more but less than PHP 160 million
Sixth
below PHP 80 million

29. Local Government Units SEC. 448. Role of the City. –
The city, consisting of more urbanized and developed barangays,
serves as a general-purpose government for the coordination
and delivery of basic, regular, and direct services and effective
governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction.

30. Local Government Units PROVINCE
The Provinces of the Philippines are the primary political and
administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80
provinces at present, further subdivided into component cities
and municipalities.

31. Local Government Units Classification
Provinces are classified according to average annual income
based on the previous 3 calendar years. Effective July 28, 2008
the thresholds for the income classes for cities are
Class
Average annual income
First
₱ 450 million or more
Second
₱ 360 million or more but less than ₱ 450 million
Third
₱ 270 million or more but less than ₱ 360 million
Fourth
₱ 180 million or more but less than ₱ 270 million
Fifth
₱ 90 million or more but less than ₱ 180 million
Sixth
below ₱ 90 million

32. Local Government Units SEC. 459. Role of the Province. –
The province, composed of a cluster of municipalities, or municipalities and component cities, and as a political and corporate unit of government, serves as a dynamic mechanism for developmental processes and effective governance of local government units within its territorial jurisdiction.

33. The MAJOR FEATURES Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the
Local Government Code of 1991

34. Sec. 17 of LGC of 1991, Basic Services and Facilities.
a. Local government units shall endeavor to be self-reliant and shall continue exercising the powers and discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon them. They shall also discharge the functions and responsibilities of national agencies and offices
devolved to them pursuant to this Code. Local government units shall likewise exercise such other powers and discharge such other functions and responsibilities as are necessary, appropriate, or
incidental to efficient and effective provision of the basic services and facilities enumerated herein.

35. Devolved Basic Services On Health and Social Services:
1. include the implementation of programs and projects on primary
health care, maternal and child care, and communicable and noncommunicable disease control services;
2. Health services which access to secondary and tertiary health
services;
3. Purchase of medicines, medical supplies, and equipment needed
to carry out the services
4. Social welfare services which include programs and projects on
child and youth welfare, family and community welfare, women's
welfare, welfare of the elderly and disabled persons;

36. On Environmental Management:
Solid waste disposal system;
2. Services or facilities related to general hygiene and sanitation;
3. Implementation of community-based forestry projects which include integrated social forestry programs and similar projects;
4. Management and control of communal forests;

37. On Agriculture:
Inter -Barangay irrigation system;
2. Water and soil resource utilization and conservation projects;
3. Enforcement of fishery laws in municipal waters including the conservation of mangroves;

38. On Infrastructure:
Maintenance and Rehabilitation of the following:
a. roads and bridges
b. school buildings and other facilities for public
elementary and secondary schools;
c. clinics, health centers and other health facilities
d. small water impounding projects
e. fish ports; artesian wells, spring development,
rainwater collectors and water supply systems;
f. seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and flood
control;
g. traffic signals and road signs; and similar facilities;

39. On Tourism:
Tourism facilities and other tourist
attractions;
2. Acquisition of equipment;
3. Regulation and supervision of
business concessions; and
4. Security services for such facilities

40. Devolved Regulatory Functions
Inspection of food products such as
meat, fruits, poultry, milk, fish, vegetables and other foodstuffs
Adoption of quarantine regulations
Enforcement of the National Building Code
Regulations of tricycle operations
Regulation of the real estate trade
Licensing of cockpits
B. It granted the local government units the power to develop their own organizational structure staffing pattern and appoint officials wholly paid by the local governments;

41. Sec of LGC of 1991
Powers, Duties, Functions and Compensation. –
a. The Sangguniang Bayan, as the legislative body of the municipality, shall enact ordinances, approve resolutions and appropriate funds for the general welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants pursuant to section 16 of this Code and in the
proper exercise of the corporate powers of the municipality as provided for under section 22 of this Code, and shall

42. The Local Government Code of 1991 provided the policy context for
the emergence of entrepreneurial local governments by encouraging
LGUs to enter into joint ventures and partnerships with the private
sect6or such as build-operate-transfer arrangement and bond
flotation.

43. Linkages with People's and Non-Governmental Organizations. – Local
Section 35 of the LGC of 1991
Linkages with People's and Non-Governmental Organizations. – Local
Government units may enter into joint ventures and such other cooperative arrangements with people's and nongovernmental organizations to engage in
the delivery of certain basic services, capability-building and livelihood projects, and to develop local enterprises designed to improve productivity and income, diversify agriculture, spur rural industrialization, promote ecological
balance, and enhance the economic and social well-being of the people.

44. Section 34 of the LGC of 1991
Role of People's and Nongovernmental Organizations. – Local
Government units shall promote the establishment and operation of people's
and nongovernmental organizations to become active partners in the pursuit of
local autonomy.

45. Group Task 2.1- MY IDEAL COMMUNITY

46. My Ideal Community

47. Group Task 2.1- MY IDEAL COMMUNITY
G- To illustrate the ideal local community in mind
R- You’ll play an important role in your projected community
A- Grade 12- HUMSS
S- You’re tasked to present the blue print your ideal community and the responsibility of important people in the society.
P- Blueprint and Presentation
Group Task MY IDEAL COMMUNITY

48. Enabling Performance Task 2.1
There will be 5 groups. Each group will be given a manila paper in which, the group will illustrate the blue print of their ideal city.
Each member must also portray a role in the ideal community (e.g. mayor, doctor etc) & must state using 2-3 sentences his/her responsibilities in their created city

49. Criteria for judging:
(Illustration) Explanation- 10pts Content( Key Components)-10pts Harmony ( color & cleanliness)-15pts
(Portrayed Role) Delivery of Speech- 15pts
50pts